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Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215;
New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southboro, MA 01772
A macaque model was employed to explore staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) superantigen-driven T lymphocyte responses. The SEB-reactive Vß+ cell subpopulations demonstrated a striking tri-phase response in rhesus monkeys following an SEB challenge in vivo. The hyperacute down-regulation, seen as early as 2 h through 2 days after SEB injection, was characterized by a disappearance of the reactive Vß-restricted PBL subpopulations from the circulation and decreased expression of these cell subpopulations in lymphoid tissues. Following this, a dominant expansion of reactive Vß-expressing CD4+ cell subpopulations occurred in lymph nodes and spleens, whereas in the peripheral blood a preferential expansion of reactive Vß-expressing CD8+ cell subpopulations was seen. An exhaustion of this response was then seen, with a prolonged decrease in the number of the reactive Vß+ CD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations. Interestingly, monoclonal or oligoclonal dominance was seen in the reactive Vß+ cell subpopulations in the period of the transition from the polyclonal cellular expansion to the exhaustion of the response, suggesting that some Vß+ cell clones may be more resistant than others to superantigen-mediated depletion. These results indicate that in vivo SEB superantigen-mediated effect on lymphocyte subpopulations in macaques is complex, suggesting that profound dynamics in the TCR repertoires may in part account for the susceptibility of higher primates to SEB-induced diseases.
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