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*
Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, and
Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702;
National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
§
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
Natural killer cells mediate the specific rejection of bone marrow cell (BMC) allografts in lethally irradiated mice. The Ly-49 family of molecules present on subsets of murine NK cells appears capable of binding class I MHC molecules, resulting in transmission of an inhibitory signal to the NK cell. These Ly-49 family members have been shown to have an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif that is responsible for the inhibitory signal. However, a new Ly-49 family member was found that lacks this motif, Ly-49D, and evidence suggests that this may be an activating receptor. We therefore compared the role of the activating Ly-49 member with NK cells bearing inhibitory Ly-49 receptors in BMC rejection. Depletion of Ly-49D+ NK cells in H-2b mice abrogated their ability to reject H-2d BMC allografts. Similarly, Ly-49C+ NK cells also were shown to mediate the specific rejection of H-2d BMC. When both subsets were depleted, an additive enhancement of BMC engraftment was observed, indicating that both subsets play a role in the rejection of allogeneic H-2-homozygous H-2d BMC. However, rejection of H-2b x d or D8 (H-2b, Dd transgene) BMC allografts was unaffected by Ly-49C+ NK cell depletion in H-2b mice. In marked contrast, depletion of Ly-49D+ NK cells in H-2b mice totally abrogated the rejection of H-2b x d heterozygous BMC in support of in vitro data suggesting that Ly-49D+ NK cells receive activating signals. Therefore, NK subsets demonstrate a differential ability to reject H-2 homozygous and heterozygous BMC.
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