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The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 160: 419-425.
Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists

Regulated Production of Type I Collagen and Inflammatory Cytokines by Peripheral Blood Fibrocytes

Jason Chesney*, Christine Metz*, Abram B. Stavitsky{dagger}, Michael Bacher* and Richard Bucala1,*

* The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Manhasset, NY 11030; and {dagger} Case Western Reserve University, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Cleveland, OH 44106

We recently described a novel population of blood-borne cells, termed fibrocytes, that display a distinct cell surface phenotype (collagen+/CD13+/CD34+/CD45+), rapidly enter sites of tissue injury, and contribute to scar formation. To further characterize the role of these cells in vivo, we examined the expression of type I collagen and cytokine mRNAs by cells isolated from wound chambers implanted into mice. Five days after chamber implantation, CD34+ fibrocytes but not CD14+ monocytes or CD90+ T cells expressed mRNA for type I collagen. Fibrocytes purified from wound chambers also were found to express mRNA for IL-1ß, IL-10, TNF-{alpha}, JE/MCP, MIP-1{alpha}, MIP-1ß, MIP-2, PDGF-A, TGF-ß1, and M-CSF. The addition of IL-1ß (1–100 ng/ml), a critical mediator in wound healing, to fibrocytes isolated from human peripheral blood induced the secretion of chemokines (MIP-1{alpha}, MIP-1ß, MCP-1, IL-8, and GRO{alpha}), hemopoietic growth factors (IL-6, IL-10, and macrophage-CSF), and the fibrogenic cytokine TNF-{alpha}. By contrast, IL-1ß decreased the constitutive secretion of type I collagen as measured by ELISA. Additional evidence for a role for fibrocytes in collagen production in vivo was obtained in studies of livers obtained from Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice. Mouse fibrocytes localized to areas of granuloma formation and connective matrix deposition. We conclude that fibrocytes are an important source of cytokines and type I collagen during both the inflammatory and the repair phase of the wound healing response. Furthermore, IL-1ß may act on fibrocytes to effect a phenotypic transition between a repair/remodeling and a proinflammatory mode.




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