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The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Manhasset, NY 11030; and
Case Western Reserve University, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Cleveland, OH 44106
We recently described a novel population of blood-borne cells,
termed fibrocytes, that display a distinct cell surface phenotype
(collagen+/CD13+/CD34+/CD45+),
rapidly enter sites of tissue injury, and contribute to scar formation.
To further characterize the role of these cells in vivo, we examined
the expression of type I collagen and cytokine mRNAs by cells isolated
from wound chambers implanted into mice. Five days after chamber
implantation, CD34+ fibrocytes but not CD14+
monocytes or CD90+ T cells expressed mRNA for type I
collagen. Fibrocytes purified from wound chambers also were found to
express mRNA for IL-1ß, IL-10, TNF-
, JE/MCP, MIP-1
, MIP-1ß,
MIP-2, PDGF-A, TGF-ß1, and M-CSF. The addition of IL-1ß (1100
ng/ml), a critical mediator in wound healing, to fibrocytes isolated
from human peripheral blood induced the secretion of chemokines
(MIP-1
, MIP-1ß, MCP-1, IL-8, and GRO
), hemopoietic growth
factors (IL-6, IL-10, and macrophage-CSF), and the fibrogenic cytokine
TNF-
. By contrast, IL-1ß decreased the constitutive secretion of
type I collagen as measured by ELISA. Additional evidence for a role
for fibrocytes in collagen production in vivo was obtained in studies
of livers obtained from Schistosoma japonicum-infected
mice. Mouse fibrocytes localized to areas of granuloma formation and
connective matrix deposition. We conclude that fibrocytes are an
important source of cytokines and type I collagen during both the
inflammatory and the repair phase of the wound healing response.
Furthermore, IL-1ß may act on fibrocytes to effect a phenotypic
transition between a repair/remodeling and a proinflammatory mode.
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