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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 158, Issue 5 2310-2317, Copyright © 1997 by American Association of Immunologists


ARTICLES

Human mast cells activate fibroblasts: tryptase is a fibrogenic factor stimulating collagen messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis and fibroblast chemotaxis

BL Gruber, RR Kew, A Jelaska, MJ Marchese, J Garlick, S Ren, LB Schwartz and JH Korn
Department of Medicine and Dermatology, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794, USA.

The effect of human mast cells on fibroblast activity was studied using an organotypic skin-equivalent culture system. Human mast cell-1 (HMC- 1) cells were embedded in a collagen gel with neonatal dermal fibroblasts at a ratio of 1:4; keratinocytes then were allowed to stratify above this composite culture. Analysis of type a1(I) procollagen mRNA synthesis by in situ hybridization revealed a substantial increase in mRNA levels in the presence of mast cells and especially following degranulation, induced by calcium ionophore A23187. Tryptase, a major product of human mast cells, could substitute for mast cells in this culture system, up-regulating procollagen mRNA synthesis. Tryptase pretreated with the specific protease inhibitor bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazo-lyl)methane (BABIM) markedly attenuated the collagen mRNA up-regulation. Further studies revealed HMC-1 cell sonicates stimulated fibroblast chemotaxis and procollagen mRNA synthesis. Inhibition of HMC-1 sonicates with either BABIM or a neutralizing mAb against tryptase resulted in significant reduction of fibroblast chemotaxis and procollagen mRNA, implying that tryptase accounted for the majority of HMC-1 sonicate activity. Tryptase directly stimulated fibroblast chemotaxis with optimal concentrations between 10 pM and 1 nM. The maximal response of optimal concentrations of tryptase was comparable with the known fibrogenic factor, TGF-beta. Inhibition of tryptase with BABIM resulted in approximately 50% reduction in chemotactic activity. Additional studies revealed that tryptase (0.3-3 nM) stimulated procollagen mRNA synthesis in confluent monolayers of dermal fibroblasts.


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