| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
The Journal of Immunology, Vol 157, Issue 3 1006-1016, Copyright © 1996 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
J Choe, HS Kim, X Zhang, RJ Armitage and YS Choi
Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
To investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the selection, differentiation, and apoptosis of germinal center (GC) B cells, we have established a culture system containing a follicular dendritic cell (FDC) line, HK. The mAb, 3C8, which is specific to HK cells and recognizes dendritic network in the GC, was developed and provided additional evidence that HK cells are related to FDC by sharing a unique surface Ag. The roles for CD40 ligand (CD40L) and T cell-derived cytokines in the differentiation of GC B cells were investigated in our culture system. We show that there are two distinct stages of GC B cell differentiation. In the early stage, GC B cells undergo spontaneous apoptosis unless they are stimulated by CD40L. In the secondary stage, IL-10 directs GC B cell differentiation toward the generation of plasma cells, while the absence of IL-10 stimulation leads to the generation of memory B cells. The major function of CD40L was found in the enhancement of cell recovery and the augmentation of memory B cell generation. Although GC B cells are Fas+, GC B cells are at first resistant to, but then become sensitive to, anti-Fas killing after 24 h in culture with CD40L, which coincides with the gradual increase in Fas expression on GC B cells. Furthermore, anti-Ig down- regulated Fas expression on CD40L-stimulated GC B cells, suggesting that Ag receptor engagement down-regulates Fas expression and prevents Fas-mediated apoptosis of GC B cells. Our data imply that GC T cells have an important role in the differentiation and apoptosis of GC B cells. GC T cells expressing both CD40L and Fas ligand have a dual function on GC B cells, helper or killer, depending on the status of target B cells. In the early stage, GC T cells stimulate the extensive proliferation of GC B cells, ensuring a large repertoire of B cells for selection. In the later stage, GC T cells kill B cells via Fas-Fas ligand interactions unless GC B cells are positively selected by Ags present on FDC.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Travert, P. Ame-Thomas, C. Pangault, A. Morizot, O. Micheau, G. Semana, T. Lamy, T. Fest, K. Tarte, and T. Guillaudeux CD40 Ligand Protects from TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Follicular Lymphomas through NF-{kappa}B Activation and Up-Regulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-xL J. Immunol., July 15, 2008; 181(2): 1001 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Chattopadhyay, A. Q. Khan, G. Sen, J. Colino, W. duBois, A. Rubtsov, R. M. Torres, M. Potter, and C. M. Snapper Transgenic Expression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 by Murine B Cells Enhances the In Vivo Antipolysaccharide, but Not Antiprotein, Response to Intact Streptococcus pneumoniae J. Immunol., December 1, 2007; 179(11): 7523 - 7534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. C. Kuo, A. L. Shaffer, J. Haddad Jr., Y. S. Choi, L. M. Staudt, and K. Calame Repression of BCL-6 is required for the formation of human memory B cells in vitro J. Exp. Med., April 16, 2007; 204(4): 819 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Racanelli, M. A. Frassanito, P. Leone, M. Galiano, V. De Re, F. Silvestris, and F. Dammacco Antibody Production and In Vitro Behavior of CD27-Defined B-Cell Subsets: Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection Changes the Rules. J. Virol., April 1, 2006; 80(8): 3923 - 3934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Zhang, C.-S. Park, S.-O. Yoon, L. Li, Y.-M. Hsu, C. Ambrose, and Y. S. Choi BAFF supports human B cell differentiation in the lymphoid follicles through distinct receptors Int. Immunol., June 1, 2005; 17(6): 779 - 788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-S. Park, S.-O. Yoon, R. J. Armitage, and Y. S. Choi Follicular Dendritic Cells Produce IL-15 That Enhances Germinal Center B Cell Proliferation in Membrane-Bound Form J. Immunol., December 1, 2004; 173(11): 6676 - 6683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Li, S.-O. Yoon, D.-D. Fu, X. Zhang, and Y. S. Choi Novel follicular dendritic cell molecule, 8D6, collaborates with CD44 in supporting lymphomagenesis by a Burkitt lymphoma cell line, L3055 Blood, August 1, 2004; 104(3): 815 - 821. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K. A. Mongini, A. E. Jackson, S. Tolani, R. J. Fattah, and J. K. Inman Role of Complement-Binding CD21/CD19/CD81 in Enhancing Human B Cell Protection from Fas-Mediated Apoptosis J. Immunol., November 15, 2003; 171(10): 5244 - 5254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-M. Park, H.-Y. Park, and T. H. Lee Functional Effects of TNF-{alpha} on a Human Follicular Dendritic Cell Line: Persistent NF-{kappa}B Activation and Sensitization for Fas-Mediated Apoptosis J. Immunol., October 15, 2003; 171(8): 3955 - 3962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Yankee, S. A. Solow, K. D. Draves, and E. A. Clark Expression of the Grb2-Related Protein of the Lymphoid System in B Cell Subsets Enhances B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways J. Immunol., January 1, 2003; 170(1): 349 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Jung, A.-K. Yi, X. Zhang, J. Choe, L. Li, and Y. S. Choi Distinct Response of Human B Cell Subpopulations in Recognition of an Innate Immune Signal, CpG DNA J. Immunol., September 1, 2002; 169(5): 2368 - 2373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Pauly, K. Broll, M. Wittmann, G. Giegerich, and H. Schwarz CD137 is expressed by follicular dendritic cells and costimulates B lymphocyte activation in germinal centers J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2002; 72(1): 35 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Zhang, L. Li, J. Jung, S. Xiang, C. Hollmann, and Y. S. Choi The Distinct Roles of T Cell-Derived Cytokines and a Novel Follicular Dendritic Cell-Signaling Molecule 8D6 in Germinal Center-B Cell Differentiation J. Immunol., July 1, 2001; 167(1): 49 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Muschen, D. Re, B. Jungnickel, V. Diehl, K. Rajewsky, and R. Kuppers Somatic Mutation of the CD95 Gene in Human B Cells as a Side-Effect of the Germinal Center Reaction J. Exp. Med., December 18, 2000; 192(12): 1833 - 1840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Li, X. Zhang, S. Kovacic, A. J. Long, K. Bourque, C. R. Wood, and Y. S. Choi Identification of a Human Follicular Dendritic Cell Molecule That Stimulates Germinal Center B Cell Growth J. Exp. Med., March 20, 2000; 191(6): 1077 - 1084. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Denepoux, N. Fournier, C. Peronne, J. Banchereau, and S. Lebecque T Cells Can Induce Somatic Mutation in B Cell Receptor-Engaged BL2 Burkitt's Lymphoma Cells Independently of CD40-CD40 Ligand Interactions J. Immunol., February 1, 2000; 164(3): 1306 - 1313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Choe, L. Li, X. Zhang, C. D. Gregory, and Y. S. Choi Distinct Role of Follicular Dendritic Cells and T Cells in the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of a Centroblast Cell Line, L3055 J. Immunol., January 1, 2000; 164(1): 56 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. X. Schwarz, M.-y. Yang, D. Qin, J. Wu, W. D. Jarvis, S. Grant, G. F. Burton, A. K. Szakal, and J. G. Tew Follicular Dendritic Cells Protect Malignant B Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Anti-Fas and Antineoplastic Agents J. Immunol., December 15, 1999; 163(12): 6442 - 6447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Takahashi, D. M. Cerasoli, J. M. Dal Porto, M. Shimoda, R. Freund, W. Fang, D. G. Telander, E.-N. Malvey, D. L. Mueller, T. W. Behrens, et al. Relaxed Negative Selection in Germinal Centers and Impaired Affinity Maturation in bcl-xL Transgenic Mice J. Exp. Med., August 2, 1999; 190(3): 399 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Posner, L. A. Cavacini, M. P. Upton, K. C. Tillman, E. R. Gornstein, and C. M. Norris Jr. Surface Membrane-expressed CD40 Is Present on Tumor Cells from Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck in Vitro and in Vivo and Regulates Cell Growth in Tumor Cell Lines Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 1999; 5(8): 2261 - 2270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Sahota, R. Garand, R. Mahroof, A. Smith, N. Juge-Morineau, F. K. Stevenson, and R. Bataille VH Gene Analysis of IgM-Secreting Myeloma Indicates an Origin From a Memory Cell Undergoing Isotype Switch Events Blood, August 1, 1999; 94(3): 1070 - 1076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-M. Park, H.-S. Kim, J. Choe, and T. H. Lee Differential Induction of Cytokine Genes and Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Family by Soluble CD40 Ligand and TNF in a Human Follicular Dendritic Cell Line J. Immunol., July 15, 1999; 163(2): 631 - 638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Krzysiek, E. A. Lefevre, W. Zou, A. Foussat, J. Bernard, A. Portier, P. Galanaud, and Y. Richard Antigen Receptor Engagement Selectively Induces Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1{alpha} (MIP-1{alpha}) and MIP-1{beta} Chemokine Production in Human B Cells J. Immunol., April 15, 1999; 162(8): 4455 - 4463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. C. Brown, T. F. McElwain, G. H. Palmer, S. E. Chantler, and D. M. Estes Bovine CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Clones Specific for Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 of Babesia bigemina Stimulate Enhanced Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 Synthesis Infect. Immun., January 1, 1999; 67(1): 155 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Agarwal, B. P. Nayak, and K. V. S. Rao B Cell Responses to a Peptide Epitope. VII. Antigen-Dependent Modulation of the Germinal Center Reaction J. Immunol., December 1, 1998; 161(11): 5832 - 5841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Rathmell, S. Fournier, B. C. Weintraub, J. P. Allison, and C. C. Goodnow Repression of B7.2 on Self-reactive B Cells Is Essential to Prevent Proliferation and Allow Fas-mediated Deletion by CD4+ T Cells J. Exp. Med., August 17, 1998; 188(4): 651 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Golay, V. Broccoli, G. Lamorte, C. Bifulco, C. Parravicini, A. Pizzey, N. S. B. Thomas, D. Delia, P. Ferrauti, D. Vitolo, et al. The A-Myb Transcription Factor Is a Marker of Centroblasts In Vivo J. Immunol., March 15, 1998; 160(6): 2786 - 2793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Cerutti, H. Zan, A. Schaffer, L. Bergsagel, N. Harindranath, E. E. Max, and P. Casali CD40 Ligand and Appropriate Cytokines Induce Switching to IgG, IgA, and IgE and Coordinated Germinal Center and Plasmacytoid Phenotypic Differentiation in a Human Monoclonal IgM+IgD+ B Cell Line J. Immunol., March 1, 1998; 160(5): 2145 - 2157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. C. Kuo and J. Sklar Augmented Expression of a Human Gene for 8-oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (MutM) in B Lymphocytes of the Dark Zone in Lymph Node Germinal Centers J. Exp. Med., November 3, 1997; 186(9): 1547 - 1556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Kuhne, M. Robbins, J. E. Hambor, M. F. Mackey, Y. Kosaka, T. Nishimura, J. P. Gigley, R. J. Noelle, and D. M. Calderhead Assembly and Regulation of the CD40 Receptor Complex in Human B Cells J. Exp. Med., July 21, 1997; 186(2): 337 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
