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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 156, Issue 6 2273-2279, Copyright © 1996 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
P Rovere, L Inverardi, JR Bender and R Pardi
Scientific Institute San Raffaele-DIBIT, Milan, Italy.
Rapid interconversion between a firmly adherent and a nonadherent, circulating phenotype is a distinctive feature of mature leukocytes and is thought to be essential for efficient immune surveillance. Leukocyte adhesion is a finely regulated process controlled in part by reversible, activation-dependent up-regulation of beta 1- and beta 2- integrin function. To investigate the molecular basis of such reversibility in human T lymphocytes, we developed a model of alpha L/beta 2 (LFA-1)-dependent adhesion that uses a heterologous cell line expressing human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as a selected ligand. We show here that intracellular cAMP elevation, followed by cAMP-dependent kinase activation, promotes T cell deadhesion by disassembling the actin-based cytoskeleton, thus dissociating LFA-1 from cytoskeletal anchoring proteins that normally connect the adhesion receptor to F-actin in lymphocytes engaged in intercellular adhesion. Cells costimulated via the CD3 and LFA-1 receptors by specific Abs or by binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 display gradual and persistent intracellular cAMP elevations due to the synergistic induction of a protein kinase C-dependent adenylyl cyclase isoform. On the basis of these findings, we propose a feedback model for short term regulation of leukocyte integrins, involving sequential, integrin- dependent activation of the protein kinase C and adenylyl cyclase/cAMP- dependent kinase enzymatic pathways and leading to disengagement of the adhesion receptor from its specific ligand.
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