| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
The Journal of Immunology, Vol 155, Issue 4 1746-1756, Copyright © 1995 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
TA Ferguson, S Fletcher, J Herndon and TS Griffith
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Ag presentation via the anterior chamber of the eye results in a form of immune deviation termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). The hallmarks of this response are the suppression of delayed- type hypersensitivity with simultaneous induction of Ab production. In this study, we examined the role of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) and found that the levels of these two peptides are controlled by neurogenic stimulation of the eye by light, and that these molecules determine the outcome of Ag presentation in the eye. Mice reared under diurnal conditions had VIP in the iris and ciliary body (not free in aqueous humor) and low levels of SP. Mice that were reared in the dark (or dark-adapted) did not contain detectable levels of VIP but had high levels of SP. The adaptation of diurnal mice to the dark eliminated VIP and increased SP, while adapting dark-reared mice to the diurnal cycle increased VIP and reduced SP. We then tested the hypothesis that immune reactions resulting from Ag presentation in the eye were linked to SP and VIP. We found that a VIP receptor antagonist, when injected into the eye with Ag, reversed ACAID in diurnal mice, while a SP receptor antagonist restored ACAID to dark-adapted mice. We further determined that injection of Ag or TNF-alpha induced VIP release, while SP was liberated into the aqueous humor following reexposure of dark-reared mice to light. Our results demonstrate a close linkage of intraocular immune reactions to neuropeptide levels in the eye.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. D. Elzey, T. S. Griffith, J. M. Herndon, R. Barreiro, J. Tschopp, and T. A. Ferguson Regulation of Fas Ligand-Induced Apoptosis by TNF J. Immunol., September 15, 2001; 167(6): 3049 - 3056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Camelo, J. Castellanos, M. Lafage, and M. Lafon Rabies Virus Ocular Disease: T-Cell-Dependent Protection Is under the Control of Signaling by the p55 Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Receptor, p55TNFR J. Virol., April 1, 2001; 75(7): 3427 - 3434. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-W. M. Koh and J. A. Waschek Corneal Endothelial Cell Survival in Organ Cultures under Acute Oxidative Stress: Effect of VIP Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2000; 41(13): 4085 - 4092. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. W. TAYLOR, D. G. YEE, T. NISHIDA, and K. NAMBA Neuropeptide Regulation of Immunity: The Immunosuppressive Activity of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone ({alpha}-MSH) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., January 1, 2000; 917(1): 239 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. STREILEIN, S. OKAMOTO, Y. SANO, and A. W. TAYLOR Neural Control of Ocular Immune Privilege Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., January 1, 2000; 917(1): 297 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Welge-Lu{beta}en, C. Wilsch, T. Neuhardt, J. W. Streilein, and E. Lutjen-Drecoll Loss of Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) in Aged Retinal Degeneration (rd) Mice Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 1999; 40(13): 3209 - 3214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Delgado, D. Pozo, C. Martinez, J. Leceta, J. R. Calvo, D. Ganea, and R. P. Gomariz Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Inhibit Endotoxin-Induced TNF-{alpha} Production by Macrophages: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies J. Immunol., February 15, 1999; 162(4): 2358 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. GOETZL, R. R. PANKHANIYA, G. O. GAUFO, Y. MU, M. XIA, and S. P. SREEDHARAN Selectivity of Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Macrophages and Lymphocytes in Compartmental Immune Responses Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., May 1, 1998; 840(1): 540 - 550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. S. Griffith, T. Brunner, S. M. Fletcher, D. R. Green, and T. A. Ferguson Fas Ligand-Induced Apoptosis as a Mechanism of Immune Privilege Science, November 17, 1995; 270(5239): 1189 - 1192. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
