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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 155, Issue 2 895-901, Copyright © 1995 by American Association of Immunologists

ARTICLES

Thrombin induces IL-6 production in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Evidence for the involvement of the seven-transmembrane domain (STD) receptor for alpha-thrombin

LE Sower, CJ Froelich, DH Carney, JW Fenton 2nd and GR Klimpel
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA.

alpha-Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that has an important role in the coagulation cascade, wound healing, and inflammatory response. In this study, we show that thrombin induces IL- 6 production in human epithelial cells and fibroblasts. ELISA and Northern blot analyses showed that physiologic concentrations of thrombin (0.1-1 micrograms/ml) induced IL-6 production in human lung fibroblasts, skin fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. Hirudin, a thrombin inhibitor, completely blocked IL-6 induction by thrombin. Treatment of fibroblasts with inactivated diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DIP)-alpha-thrombin, gamma-thrombin, or trypsin had no effect on IL-6 production. In contrast, treatment with the thrombin-tethered ligand receptor peptide TRP-7 (SFLLRNP) induced IL-6 production, but at lower levels than that induced by native alpha-thrombin. Finally, IL-6 pretreatment of lung or skin fibroblasts resulted in the enhanced production of IL-6 following exposure to thrombin. These results suggest that fibroblasts and epithelial cells may represent a significant source of IL-6 in the inflammatory response to tissue injury, and that cytokine production is an important biologic consequence of thrombin's interaction with its seven-transmembrane domain (STD) receptor.


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