| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
The Journal of Immunology, Vol 153, Issue 10 4388-4398, Copyright © 1994 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
W Fang, JJ Rivard, DL Mueller and TW Behrens
Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
We report the cloning and initial characterization of the mouse homologues of the bcl-2-related gene, bcl-x. We compare these to the two major isoforms of human bcl-x that were previously identified, bcl- xLong (bcl-xL) which has death repressor activity similar to bcl-2, and bcl-xShort (bcl-xS), an alternative mRNA splice product that deletes a highly conserved domain shared by bcl-2 family members and promotes cell death in transfection studies. In addition to murine (m) bcl-xL and mbcl-xS, we have cloned a novel cDNA isoform that we designate mbcl- x delta TM. This cDNA deletes, by means of alternative splicing, the carboxy terminal transmembrane domain of bcl-x and is predicted to be a soluble, rather than membrane-bound, protein. We found that mbcl-x mRNA is highly inducible in splenocytes stimulated with either anti-CD3 Abs or LPS/dextran sulfate, and that the major species of mbcl-x mRNA in a variety of cell lines and tissues was the xL isoform. Transfection of mbcl-xL or mbcl-xS into Hela cells resulted in targeting primarily to mitochondria, whereas mbcl-x delta TM localized diffusely throughout the cytosol. Overexpression of the novel delta TM isoform in an IL-3- dependent cell line delayed the onset of apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal. Thus, a naturally-occurring form of mbcl-x present in lymphocytes that does not localize to the mitochondrial membrane is functional in preventing apoptotic cell death. Moreover, these data suggest that bcl-x provides a life signal in activated lymphocytes.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. Rocha-Viegas, G. P. Vicent, J. L. Baranao, M. Beato, and A. Pecci Glucocorticoids Repress bcl-X Expression in Lymphoid Cells by Recruiting STAT5B to the P4 Promoter J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2006; 281(45): 33959 - 33970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. N. Rocha, T. J. Plumb, L. A. Robinson, R. Spurney, D. Pisetsky, B. H. Koller, and T. M. Coffman Role of Thromboxane A2 in the Induction of Apoptosis of Immature Thymocytes by Lipopolysaccharide Clin. Vaccine Immunol., August 1, 2005; 12(8): 896 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Zhang and Y.-W. He The Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-xL Is Dispensable for the Development of Effector and Memory T Lymphocytes J. Immunol., June 1, 2005; 174(11): 6967 - 6973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Assaf, H. Azouri, and M. Pallardy Ochratoxin A Induces Apoptosis in Human Lymphocytes through Down Regulation of Bcl-xL Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2004; 79(2): 335 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Swanson, S. L. Kuslak, W. Fang, L. Tze, P. Gaffney, S. Selby, K. L. Hippen, G. Nunez, C. L. Sidman, and T. W. Behrens Fatal Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mice Transgenic for B Cell-Restricted bcl-xL and c-myc J. Immunol., June 1, 2004; 172(11): 6684 - 6691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Linden, N. Kirchhof, C. Carlson, and B. Van Ness Targeted overexpression of Bcl-XL in B-lymphoid cells results in lymphoproliferative disease and plasma cell malignancies Blood, April 1, 2004; 103(7): 2779 - 2786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. R. Viegas, G. P. Vicent, J. L. Baranao, M. Beato, and A. Pecci Steroid Hormones Induce bcl-X Gene Expression through Direct Activation of Distal Promoter P4 J. Biol. Chem., March 12, 2004; 279(11): 9831 - 9839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. T. Iida, H. Suzuki, H. Sone, H. Shimano, H. Toyoshima, S. Yatoh, T. Asano, Y. Okuda, and N. Yamada Insulin Inhibits Apoptosis of Macrophage Cell Line, THP-1 Cells, via Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase-Dependent Pathway Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2002; 22(3): 380 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rebollo, V. Ayllon, A. Fleischer, C. Martinez-A., and A. Zaballos The Association of Aiolos Transcription Factor and Bcl-xL Is Involved in the Control of Apoptosis J. Immunol., December 1, 2001; 167(11): 6366 - 6373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-H. Liu, R. J. Collier, and R. J. Youle Inhibition of Axotomy-induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Extracellular Delivery of a Bcl-XL Fusion Protein J. Biol. Chem., November 30, 2001; 276(49): 46326 - 46332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Owyang, J. R. Tumang, B. R. Schram, C. Y. Hsia, T. W. Behrens, T. L. Rothstein, and H.-C. Liou c-Rel Is Required for the Protection of B Cells from Antigen Receptor-Mediated, But Not Fas-Mediated, Apoptosis J. Immunol., November 1, 2001; 167(9): 4948 - 4956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Wagner, E Claudio, E. Rucker, G Riedlinger, C Broussard, P. Schwartzberg, U Siebenlist, and L Hennighausen Conditional deletion of the Bcl-x gene from erythroid cells results in hemolytic anemia and profound splenomegaly Development, January 11, 2000; 127(22): 4949 - 4958. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. S. Chang, A. Kelekar, M. H. Harris, J. E. Harlan, S. W. Fesik, and C. B. Thompson The BH3 Domain of Bcl-xS Is Required for Inhibition of the Antiapoptotic Function of Bcl-xL Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 1999; 19(10): 6673 - 6681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E. Exley, C. Tang, A. S. McElhinny, and C. M. Warner Expression of Caspase and BCL-2 Apoptotic Family Members in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos Biol Reprod, July 1, 1999; 61(1): 231 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Gregory, C. Yu, A. Ma, S. H. Orkin, G. A. Blobel, and M. J. Weiss GATA-1 and Erythropoietin Cooperate to Promote Erythroid Cell Survival by Regulating bcl-xL Expression Blood, July 1, 1999; 94(1): 87 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Sevilla, C. Aperlo, V. Dulic, J. C. Chambard, C. Boutonnet, O. Pasquier, P. Pognonec, and K. E. Boulukos The Ets2 Transcription Factor Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Deprivation of Macrophages through a Bcl-xL-Dependent Mechanism Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 1999; 19(4): 2624 - 2634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tamatani, Y. H. Che, H. Matsuzaki, S. Ogawa, H. Okado, S.-i. Miyake, T. Mizuno, and M. Tohyama Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Bcl-2 and Bcl-x Expression through NFkappa B Activation in Primary Hippocampal Neurons J. Biol. Chem., March 26, 1999; 274(13): 8531 - 8538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.-K. Yi, M. Chang, D. W. Peckham, A. M. Krieg, and R. F. Ashman CpG Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Rescue Mature Spleen B Cells from Spontaneous Apoptosis and Promote Cell Cycle Entry J. Immunol., June 15, 1998; 160(12): 5898 - 5906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Ahlbom, L. Grandison, B. Zhivotovsky, and S. Ceccatelli Termination of Lactation Induces Apoptosis and Alters the Expression of the Bcl-2 Family Members in the Rat Anterior Pituitary Endocrinology, May 1, 1998; 139(5): 2465 - 2471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Okada, H. Zhang, M. Hatano, and T. Tokuhisa A Physiologic Role of Bcl-xL Induced in Activated Macrophages J. Immunol., March 15, 1998; 160(6): 2590 - 2596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Utz, M. Hottelet, W. J. van Venrooij, and P. Anderson Association of Phosphorylated Serine/Arginine (SR) Splicing Factors With The U1-Small Ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) Autoantigen Complex Accompanies Apoptotic Cell Death J. Exp. Med., February 16, 1998; 187(4): 547 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Gregoli and M. C. Bondurant The Roles of Bcl-XL and Apopain in the Control of Erythropoiesis by Erythropoietin Blood, July 15, 1997; 90(2): 630 - 640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D Taylor, P Badiani, and K Weston A dominant interfering Myb mutant causes apoptosis in T cells. Genes & Dev., November 1, 1996; 10(21): 2732 - 2744. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Shiraiwa, N. Inohara, S. Okada, M. Yuzaki, S.-i. Shoji, and S. Ohta An Additional Form of Rat Bcl-x, Bcl-xbeta , Generated by an Unspliced RNA, Promotes Apoptosis in Promyeloid Cells J. Biol. Chem., May 31, 1996; 271(22): 13258 - 13265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N Motoyama, F Wang, K. Roth, H Sawa, K Nakayama, K Nakayama, I Negishi, S Senju, Q Zhang, S Fujii, et al. Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x-deficient mice Science, March 10, 1995; 267(5203): 1506 - 1510. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pecci, L. R. Viegas, J. L. Baranao, and M. Beato Promoter Choice Influences Alternative Splicing and Determines the Balance of Isoforms Expressed from the Mouse bcl-X Gene J. Biol. Chem., June 8, 2001; 276(24): 21062 - 21069. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-F. Sun, L.-Y. Yu, M. Saarma, T. Timmusk, and U. Arumae Neuron-specific Bcl-2 Homology 3 Domain-only Splice Variant of Bak Is Anti-apoptotic in Neurons, but Pro-apoptotic in Non-neuronal Cells J. Biol. Chem., May 4, 2001; 276(19): 16240 - 16247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Bingle, R. W. Craig, B. M. Swales, V. Singleton, P. Zhou, and M. K. B. Whyte Exon Skipping in Mcl-1 Results in a Bcl-2 Homology Domain 3 Only Gene Product That Promotes Cell Death J. Biol. Chem., July 14, 2000; 275(29): 22136 - 22146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Bae, C. P. Leo, S. Y. Hsu, and A. J. W. Hsueh MCL-1S, a Splicing Variant of the Antiapoptotic BCL-2 Family Member MCL-1, Encodes a Proapoptotic Protein Possessing Only the BH3 Domain J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 2000; 275(33): 25255 - 25261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
