The Journal of Immunology, Vol 150, Issue 2 456-468, Copyright © 1993 by American Association of Immunologists

ARTICLES

Molecular cloning and characterization of human eosinophil Charcot- Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase). Similarities to IgE binding proteins and the S-type animal lectin superfamily

SJ Ackerman, SE Corrette, HF Rosenberg, JC Bennett, DM Mastrianni, A Nicholson- Weller, PF Weller, DT Chin and DG Tenen
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA.

We have isolated and sequenced a 598-bp full length cDNA clone for the human Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein (eosinophil lysophospholipase), the unique and prominent constituent of human eosinophils and basophils that forms the hexagonal bipyramidal crystals classically observed in tissues and secretions from sites of eosinophil- associated inflammation. A 426-bp open reading frame encoded a 142- amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 16.5 kDa and isoelectric point of 7.28. The deduced amino acid sequence of CLC protein showed 20 to 30% similarity over regions of approximately 100 amino acids with the carboxyl-terminal domains of four IgE-binding proteins, including the 31-kDa human and rat IgE-binding proteins, the 35-kDa mouse carbohydrate binding protein (CBP35), Mac-2, the murine macrophage cell surface protein that is identical to CBP35, and the human homologue of Mac-2. These proteins are members of a superfamily of beta-galactoside binding S-type animal lectins, which includes a group of highly conserved 14-kDa lectins isolated from human lung, heart, placenta, bovine heart, chicken skin, mouse fibroblasts, and the electric organ of the electric eel; CLC protein also showed sequence similarities to these 14-kDa animal lectins, including conservation of 7 of 16 invariant amino acid residues thought to comprise the carbohydrate-binding domain of these proteins, with conservative amino acid changes at others; thus, CLC protein could potentially possess carbohydrate or IgE-binding activities. Northern analyses revealed an approximately 900-bp mRNA species that was present in peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia, basophils from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, and in HL-60 cells induced towards eosinophilic differentiation with B cell growth factor-II (IL-5) or granulocytic differentiation with DMSO, but was absent in neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells, or HL-60 cells induced towards monocytic differentiation with vitamin D3. Southern analyses revealed a gene of approximately 5 to 6 kb in length. The cDNA clone and complete amino acid sequence data for CLC protein will facilitate structure-function analyses of its unusual hydrophobic properties, unique propensity for crystallization, lysophospholipase, and potential lectin-like activities.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. F. Rosenberg Suppression, surprise: galectin-10 and Treg cells Blood, September 1, 2007; 110(5): 1407 - 1408. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kubach, P. Lutter, T. Bopp, S. Stoll, C. Becker, E. Huter, C. Richter, P. Weingarten, T. Warger, J. Knop, et al. Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells: proteome analysis identifies galectin-10 as a novel marker essential for their anergy and suppressive function Blood, September 1, 2007; 110(5): 1550 - 1558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Monteseirin, A. Vega, P. Chacon, M. J. Camacho, R. El Bekay, J. A. Asturias, A. Martinez, P. Guardia, R. Perez-Cano, and J. Conde Neutrophils as a Novel Source of Eosinophil Cationic Protein in IgE-Mediated Processes J. Immunol., August 15, 2007; 179(4): 2634 - 2641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Houzelstein, I. R. Goncalves, A. J. Fadden, S. S. Sidhu, D. N. W. Cooper, K. Drickamer, H. Leffler, and F. Poirier Phylogenetic Analysis of the Vertebrate Galectin Family Mol. Biol. Evol., July 1, 2004; 21(7): 1177 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Rabinovich, N. Rubinstein, and L. Fainboim Unlocking the secrets of galectins: a challenge at the frontier of glyco-immunology J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2002; 71(5): 741 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Ackerman, L. Liu, M. A. Kwatia, M. P. Savage, D. D. Leonidas, G. J. Swaminathan, and K. R. Acharya Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein (Galectin-10) Is Not a Dual Function Galectin with Lysophospholipase Activity but Binds a Lysophospholipase Inhibitor in a Novel Structural Fashion J. Biol. Chem., April 19, 2002; 277(17): 14859 - 14868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Dunphy, G. J. Barcham, R. J. Bischof, A. R. Young, A. Nash, and E. N. T. Meeusen Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Eosinophil-specific Galectin Released into the Lungs in Response to Allergen Challenge J. Biol. Chem., April 19, 2002; 277(17): 14916 - 14924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Shoji, N. Nishi, M. Hirashima, and T. Nakamura Purification and cDNA cloning of Xenopus liver galectins and their expression Glycobiology, March 1, 2002; 12(3): 163 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Harbord, M. Novelli, B. Canas, D. Power, C. Davis, J. Godovac-Zimmermann, J. Roes, and A. W. Segal Ym1 Is a Neutrophil Granule Protein That Crystallizes in p47phox-deficient Mice J. Biol. Chem., February 8, 2002; 277(7): 5468 - 5475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Visegrady, N. G. Than, F. Kilar, B. Sumegi, G. N. Than, and H. Bohn Homology modelling and molecular dynamics studies of human placental tissue protein 13 (galectin-13) Protein Eng. Des. Sel., November 1, 2001; 14(11): 875 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Guo, R. S. Johnson, and J. C. L. Schuh Biochemical Characterization of Endogenously Formed Eosinophilic Crystals in the Lungs of Mice J. Biol. Chem., March 10, 2000; 275(11): 8032 - 8037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Sugimoto, S. Odani, and S. Yamashita Cloning and Expression of cDNA Encoding Rat Liver 60-kDa Lysophospholipase Containing an Asparaginase-like Region and Ankyrin Repeat J. Biol. Chem., May 15, 1998; 273(20): 12536 - 12542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. B. Huffnagle, M. B. Boyd, N. E. Street, and M. F. Lipscomb IL-5 Is Required for Eosinophil Recruitment, Crystal Deposition, and Mononuclear Cell Recruitment During a Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Genetically Susceptible Mice (C57BL/6) J. Immunol., March 1, 1998; 160(5): 2393 - 2400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Arata, J. Hirabayashi, and K.-i. Kasai Structure of the 32-kDa Galectin Gene of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans J. Biol. Chem., October 17, 1997; 272(42): 26669 - 26677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wang, R. A. Deems, and E. A. Dennis Cloning, Expression, and Catalytic Mechanism of Murine Lysophospholipase I J. Biol. Chem., May 9, 1997; 272(19): 12723 - 12729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sato, J. Aoki, Y. Nagai, N. Dohmae, K. Takio, T. Doi, H. Arai, and K. Inoue Serine Phospholipid-specific Phospholipase A That Is Secreted from Activated Platelets. A NEW MEMBER OF THE LIPASE FAMILY J. Biol. Chem., January 24, 1997; 272(4): 2192 - 2198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Handen and H. F. Rosenberg Intronic Enhancer Activity of the Eosinophil-derived Neurotoxin (RNS2) and Eosinophil Cationic Protein (RNS3) Genes Is Mediated by an NFAT-1 Consensus Binding Sequence J. Biol. Chem., January 17, 1997; 272(3): 1665 - 1669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Sugimoto, H. Hayashi, and S. Yamashita Purification, cDNA Cloning, and Regulation of Lysophospholipase from Rat Liver J. Biol. Chem., March 29, 1996; 271(13): 7705 - 7711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Dunphy, A. Balic, G. J. Barcham, A. J. Horvath, A. D. Nash, and E. N. T. Meeusen Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Inducible Mammalian Galectin J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2000; 275(41): 32106 - 32113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]