| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
The Journal of Immunology, Vol 150, Issue 12 5321-5329, Copyright © 1993 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
FG Snijdewint, P Kalinski, EA Wierenga, JD Bos and ML Kapsenberg
Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Academisch Medisch Centrum, The Netherlands.
PGE2 is a well known immunomodulator that has multiple effects on the immune system. We demonstrate that PGE2 selectively and dose dependently inhibits IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by mitogenically stimulated human PBL and CD4+ TLC, although at low concentrations IL-4 production is not affected and IL-5 production is even up-regulated. In the tested TLC, PGE2 induced a dramatic elevation (up to 85-fold) of the intracellular cAMP levels. The action of PGE2 may, therefore, be associated with elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, affecting IL-4 and IL-5 differentially from IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. To test this hypothesis we investigated cytokine production by TLC in the absence or presence of agents that affect cAMP levels, either directly (2'-O-dibutyrylcAMP) or through activation of adenylate cyclase (forskolin) or by blocking of phosphodiesterase (3-isobutyl-1-methyl- xanthine). Similar to PGE2, forskolin, 2'-O-dibutyrylcAMP, and 3- isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine induced inhibition of IL-2 production by TLC and up-regulation of IL-5 production. However, in contrast to PGE2, these agents suppressed IL-4 production although IFN-gamma production was only moderately affected. No significant differences were found between intracellular cAMP levels of mitogenically stimulated Th1 cell clones, which predominantly secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and those of Th2 cell clones, which mainly secrete IL-4 and IL-5. Our results indicate that PGE2 selectively modulates cytokine secretion profiles of human T cells and that elevation of cAMP levels has an important, but possibly not exclusive, regulatory role in this phenomenon.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. H. Thatcher, R. P. Benson, R. P. Phipps, and P. J. Sime High-dose but not low-dose mainstream cigarette smoke suppresses allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting T cell function Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2008; 295(3): L412 - L421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Muthuswamy, J. Urban, J.-J. Lee, T. A. Reinhart, D. Bartlett, and P. Kalinski Ability of Mature Dendritic Cells to Interact with Regulatory T Cells Is Imprinted during Maturation Cancer Res., July 15, 2008; 68(14): 5972 - 5978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Woolard, L. L. Hensley, T. H. Kawula, and J. A. Frelinger Respiratory Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain Infection Induces Th17 Cells and Prostaglandin E2, Which Inhibits Generation of Gamma Interferon-Positive T Cells Infect. Immun., June 1, 2008; 76(6): 2651 - 2659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A Clayton, D. L Forrester, and A. J Knox Aspirin and asthma: barking up the right tree? Thorax, June 1, 2008; 63(6): 485 - 486. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Kurth, R G Barr, J M Gaziano, and J E Buring Randomised aspirin assignment and risk of adult-onset asthma in the Women's Health Study Thorax, June 1, 2008; 63(6): 514 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nagamachi, D. Sakata, K. Kabashima, T. Furuyashiki, T. Murata, E. Segi-Nishida, K. Soontrapa, T. Matsuoka, Y. Miyachi, and S. Narumiya Facilitation of Th1-mediated immune response by prostaglandin E receptor EP1 J. Exp. Med., November 26, 2007; 204(12): 2865 - 2874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Donofrio, S. Herath, C. Sartori, S. Cavirani, C. F. Flammini, and I. M. Sheldon Bovine herpesvirus 4 is tropic for bovine endometrial cells and modulates endocrine function Reproduction, July 1, 2007; 134(1): 183 - 197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Erb-Downward and M. C. Noverr Characterization of Prostaglandin E2 Production by Candida albicans Infect. Immun., July 1, 2007; 75(7): 3498 - 3505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Zhou, T. S. Blackwell, K. Goleniewska, J. F. O'Neal, G. A. FitzGerald, M. Lucitt, R. M. Breyer, and R. S. Peebles Jr. Prostaglandin I2 analogs inhibit Th1 and Th2 effector cytokine production by CD4 T cells J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2007; 81(3): 809 - 817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Barr, T. Kurth, M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Buring, C. H. Hennekens, and J. M. Gaziano Aspirin and Decreased Adult-Onset Asthma: Randomized Comparisons from the Physicians' Health Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2007; 175(2): 120 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R H Straub, R Wiest, U G Strauch, P Harle, and J Scholmerich The role of the sympathetic nervous system in intestinal inflammation. Gut, November 1, 2006; 55(11): 1640 - 1649. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Miyamoto, S. Miyake, M. Mizuno, N. Oka, S. Kusunoki, and T. Yamamura Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through COX-2-independent pathway Brain, August 1, 2006; 129(8): 1984 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Skowera, E. C. de Jong, J. H. N. Schuitemaker, J. S. Allen, S. C. Wessely, G. Griffiths, M. Kapsenberg, and M. Peakman Analysis of Anthrax and Plague Biowarfare Vaccine Interactions with Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., December 1, 2005; 175(11): 7235 - 7243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Mailliard, S. M. Alber, H. Shen, S. C. Watkins, J. M. Kirkwood, R. B. Herberman, and P. Kalinski IL-18-induced CD83+CCR7+ NK helper cells J. Exp. Med., October 3, 2005; 202(7): 941 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Braun, R. S. Longman, and M. L. Albert A two-step induction of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity during dendritic-cell maturation Blood, October 1, 2005; 106(7): 2375 - 2381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. F. Chung Evaluation of Selective Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Receptor Agonists as Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Asthma Sci. Signal., September 27, 2005; 2005(303): pe47 - pe47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Caristi, G. Piraino, M. Cucinotta, A. Valenti, S. Loddo, and D. Teti Prostaglandin E2 Induces Interleukin-8 Gene Transcription by Activating C/EBP Homologous Protein in Human T Lymphocytes J. Biol. Chem., April 15, 2005; 280(15): 14433 - 14442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. Richardson, M. G. Ottolini, L. Pletneva, M. Boukhvalova, S. Zhang, S. N. Vogel, G. A. Prince, and J. C. G. Blanco Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Induces Cyclooxygenase 2: A Potential Target for RSV Therapy J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4356 - 4364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hashimoto, J. R. Sheller, J. D. Morrow, R. D. Collins, K. Goleniewska, J. O'Neal, W. Zhou, S. Ji, D. B. Mitchell, B. S. Graham, et al. Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Augments Allergic Inflammation through CD4-Dependent, STAT6-Independent Mechanisms J. Immunol., January 1, 2005; 174(1): 525 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ray, M. E. Bisher, and L. W. Enquist Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 Are Required for Production of Infectious Pseudorabies Virus J. Virol., December 1, 2004; 78(23): 12964 - 12974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Noverr, R. M. Noggle, G. B. Toews, and G. B. Huffnagle Role of Antibiotics and Fungal Microbiota in Driving Pulmonary Allergic Responses Infect. Immun., September 1, 2004; 72(9): 4996 - 5003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Long, M. Fogel-Petrovic, D. A. Knight, P. J. Thompson, and J. W. Upham Higher Prostaglandin E2 Production by Dendritic Cells from Subjects with Asthma Compared with Normal Subjects Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2004; 170(5): 485 - 491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Pockaj, G. D. Basu, L. B. Pathangey, R. J. Gray, J. L. Hernandez, S. J. Gendler, and P. Mukherjee Reduced T-Cell and Dendritic Cell Function Is Related to Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression and Prostaglandin E2 Secretion in Patients With Breast Cancer Ann. Surg. Oncol., March 1, 2004; 11(3): 328 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Masci, M. Galgani, S. Cassano, S. De Simone, A. Gallo, V. De Rosa, S. Zappacosta, and L. Racioppi HIV-1 gp120 induces anergy in naive T lymphocytes through CD4-independent protein kinase-A-mediated signaling J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2003; 74(6): 1117 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kew, S. Wells, F. Thies, G. P. McNeill, P. T. Quinlan, G. T. Clark, H. Dombrowsky, A. D. Postle, and P. C. Calder The Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Rat Lymphocyte Proliferation Depends Upon Its Position in Dietary Triacylglycerols J. Nutr., December 1, 2003; 133(12): 4230 - 4238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Meyer, K. S. Ramanujam, A. P. Gobert, S. P. James, and K. T. Wilson Cutting Edge: Cyclooxygenase-2 Activation Suppresses Th1 Polarization in Response to Helicobacter pylori J. Immunol., October 15, 2003; 171(8): 3913 - 3917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Noverr, J. R. Erb-Downward, and G. B. Huffnagle Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2003; 16(3): 517 - 533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. P. Smyth, P. P. Stapleton, C. B. Barden, J. R. Mestre, T. A. Freeman, M. D. Duff, S. Maddali, Z. Yan, and J. M. Daly Renal Cell Carcinoma Induces Prostaglandin E2 and T-Helper Type 2 Cytokine Production in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Ann. Surg. Oncol., May 1, 2003; 10(4): 455 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Noverr, G. M. Cox, J. R. Perfect, and G. B. Huffnagle Role of PLB1 in Pulmonary Inflammation and Cryptococcal Eicosanoid Production Infect. Immun., March 1, 2003; 71(3): 1538 - 1547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Bayry, S. Lacroix-Desmazes, C. Carbonneil, N. Misra, V. Donkova, A. Pashov, A. Chevailler, L. Mouthon, B. Weill, P. Bruneval, et al. Inhibition of maturation and function of dendritic cells by intravenous immunoglobulin Blood, January 15, 2003; 101(2): 758 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. N. Boyaka, M. Ohmura, K. Fujihashi, T. Koga, M. Yamamoto, M.-N. Kweon, Y. Takeda, R. J. Jackson, H. Kiyono, Y. Yuki, et al. Chimeras of Labile Toxin One and Cholera Toxin Retain Mucosal Adjuvanticity and Direct Th Cell Subsets Via Their B Subunit J. Immunol., January 1, 2003; 170(1): 454 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Li, U. M. Padigel, P. Scott, and J. P. Farrell Combined Treatment with Interleukin-12 and Indomethacin Promotes Increased Resistance in BALB/c Mice with Established Leishmania major Infections Infect. Immun., October 1, 2002; 70(10): 5715 - 5720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Moon and J. J. Pestka Vomitoxin-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression in Macrophages Mediated by Activation of ERK and p38 but Not JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Toxicol. Sci., October 1, 2002; 69(2): 373 - 382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Martin, M. Suzuki, K. Maghni, R. Pantano, D. Ramos-Barbon, D. Ihaku, F. Nantel, D. Denis, Q. Hamid, and W. S. Powell The Immunomodulatory Actions of Prostaglandin E2 on Allergic Airway Responses in the Rat J. Immunol., October 1, 2002; 169(7): 3963 - 3969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Han, S. Chen, Y. Sun, J. L. Nadler, and D. Bleich Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene in Pancreatic {beta}-Cells by 12-Lipoxygenase Pathway Product 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2002; 16(9): 2145 - 2154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-J. Lee, M. Takei, S. Hori, Y. Inoue, Y. Harada, R. Tanosaki, Y. Kanda, M. Kami, A. Makimoto, S. Mineishi, et al. The Role of PGE2 in the Differentiation of Dendritic Cells: How Do Dendritic Cells Influence T-Cell Polarization and Chemokine Receptor Expression? Stem Cells, September 1, 2002; 20(5): 448 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Suarez, L. Mozo, and C. Gutierrez Generation of CD4+CD45RA+ Effector T Cells by Stimulation in the Presence of Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate- Elevating Agents J. Immunol., August 1, 2002; 169(3): 1159 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. H. STRAUB, C. GUNZLER, L. E. MILLER, M. CUTOLO, J. SCHOLMERICH, and S. SCHILL Anti-inflammatory cooperativity of corticosteroids and norepinephrine in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue in vivo and in vitro FASEB J, July 1, 2002; 16(9): 993 - 1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Duhant, L. Schandene, C. Bruyns, N. S. Gonzalez, M. Goldman, J.-M. Boeynaems, and D. Communi Extracellular Adenine Nucleotides Inhibit the Activation of Human CD4+ T Lymphocytes J. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 169(1): 15 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Stokes Peebles Jr., K. Hashimoto, J. D. Morrow, R. Dworski, R. D. Collins, Y. Hashimoto, J. W. Christman, K.-H. Kang, K. Jarzecka, J. Furlong, et al. Selective Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 Inhibitors Each Increase Allergic Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2002; 165(8): 1154 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Harizi, M. Juzan, V. Pitard, J.-F. Moreau, and N. Gualde Cyclooxygenase-2-Issued Prostaglandin E2 Enhances the Production of Endogenous IL-10, Which Down-Regulates Dendritic Cell Functions J. Immunol., March 1, 2002; 168(5): 2255 - 2263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G. Schwacha, C.-S. Chung, A. Ayala, K. I. Bland, and I. H. Chaudry Cyclooxygenase 2-mediated suppression of macrophage interleukin-12 production after thermal injury Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, February 1, 2002; 282(2): C263 - C270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Noverr, G. B. Toews, and G. B. Huffnagle Production of Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes by Pathogenic Fungi Infect. Immun., January 1, 2002; 70(1): 400 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. He, C. M. Weyand, J. J. Goronzy, W. Zhong, and J. M. Stuart Bi-directional modulation of T cell-dependent antibody production by prostaglandin E2 Int. Immunol., January 1, 2002; 14(1): 69 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Cautain, J. Damoiseaux, I. Bernard, E. Xystrakis, E. Fournie, P. van Breda Vriesman, P. Druet, and A. Saoudi The CD8 T Cell Compartment Plays a Dominant Role in the Deficiency of Brown-Norway Rats to Mount a Proper Type 1 Immune Response J. Immunol., January 1, 2002; 168(1): 162 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. P. Kohm and V. M. Sanders Norepinephrine and beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation Regulate CD4+ T and B Lymphocyte Function in Vitro and in Vivo Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2001; 53(4): 487 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Boonstra, F. J. Barrat, C. Crain, V. L. Heath, H. F. J. Savelkoul, and A. O'Garra 1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Has a Direct Effect on Naive CD4+ T Cells to Enhance the Development of Th2 Cells J. Immunol., November 1, 2001; 167(9): 4974 - 4980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shibata, I. Honda, J. P. Justice, M. R. Van Scott, R. M. Nakamura, and Q. N. Myrvik Th1 Adjuvant N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Polymer Up-Regulates Th1 Immunity but Down-Regulates Th2 Immunity against a Mycobacterial Protein (MPB-59) in Interleukin-10-Knockout and Wild-Type Mice Infect. Immun., October 1, 2001; 69(10): 6123 - 6130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M CUTOLO, A SULLI, C PIZZORNI, B SERIOLO, and R H STRAUB Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis Ann Rheum Dis, August 1, 2001; 60(8): 729 - 735. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kalinski, P. L. Vieira, J. H. N. Schuitemaker, E. C. de Jong, and M. L. Kapsenberg Prostaglandin E2 is a selective inducer of interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) production and an inhibitor of bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer Blood, June 1, 2001; 97(11): 3466 - 3469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Noverr, S. M. Phare, G. B. Toews, M. J. Coffey, and G. B. Huffnagle Pathogenic Yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans Produce Immunomodulatory Prostaglandins Infect. Immun., May 1, 2001; 69(5): 2957 - 2963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Joshi, X. Zhou, M. Cuchens, and Q. Jones Prostaglandin E2 Suppressed IL-15-Mediated Human NK Cell Function Through Down-Regulation of Common {{gamma}}-Chain J. Immunol., January 15, 2001; 166(2): 885 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Swanson, W. T. Lee, and V. M. Sanders IFN-{{gamma}} Production by Th1 Cells Generated from Naive CD4+ T Cells Exposed to Norepinephrine J. Immunol., January 1, 2001; 166(1): 232 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Gomi, F.-G. Zhu, and J. S. Marshall Prostaglandin E2 Selectively Enhances the IgE-Mediated Production of IL-6 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor by Mast Cells Through an EP1/EP3-Dependent Mechanism J. Immunol., December 1, 2000; 165(11): 6545 - 6552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-H. Chen, D.-H. Zhang, J. M. LaPorte, and A. Ray Cyclic AMP Activates p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Th2 Cells: Phosphorylation of GATA-3 and Stimulation of Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression J. Immunol., November 15, 2000; 165(10): 5597 - 5605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. KAPSENBERG, C. M. U. HILKENS, T. C. M. T. van der POUW KRAAN, E. A. WIERENGA, and P. KALINSKI Atopic Allergy: A Failure of Antigen-Presenting Cells to Properly Polarize Helper T Cells? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2000; 162(3): S76 - 80. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. STOKES PEEBLES Jr., R. DWORSKI, R. D. COLLINS, K. JARZECKA, D. B. MITCHELL, B. S. GRAHAM, and J. R. SHELLER Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Increases Interleukin 5 and Interleukin 13 Production and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Allergic Mice Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2000; 162(2): 676 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Lee, N. Takemoto, H. Kurata, Y. Kamogawa, S. Miyatake, A. O'Garra, and N. Arai GATA-3 Induces T Helper Cell Type 2 (Th2) Cytokine Expression and Chromatin Remodeling in Committed Th1 Cells J. Exp. Med., July 3, 2000; 192(1): 105 - 116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tanaka, K. Ogawa, K. Sugamura, M. Nakamura, S. Takano, and K. Nagata Cutting Edge: Differential Production of Prostaglandin D2 by Human Helper T Cell Subsets J. Immunol., March 1, 2000; 164(5): 2277 - 2280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Kuroda, T. Sugiura, K. Zeki, Y. Yoshida, and U. Yamashita Sensitivity Difference to the Suppressive Effect of Prostaglandin E2 Among Mouse Strains: A Possible Mechanism to Polarize Th2 Type Response in BALB/c Mice J. Immunol., March 1, 2000; 164(5): 2386 - 2395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
