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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 149, Issue 9 3023-3028, Copyright © 1992 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
RL Hendricks, TM Tumpey and A Finnegan
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612.
HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection of the mouse cornea results in a tissue- destructive inflammatory reaction in the cornea, but little or no disease in the skin surrounding the eye. Depleting T lymphocytes from mice before HSV-1 corneal infection prevents the corneal inflammation but severely exacerbates the periocular skin lesions. Studies described in this communication investigated the role of T cell cytokines in the corneal and periocular skin disease induced by HSV-1 corneal infection. Mice received weekly i.p. injections of rat mAb specific for IL-2, IL- 4, or IFN-gamma beginning 1 day before (day -1) or 6 days after (day +6) corneal infection with the RE strain of HSV-1. The severity of corneal inflammation and the area of periocular skin involvement were measured. Treatment with anti-IFN-gamma or anti-IL-2 significantly reduced the incidence and severity of corneal inflammation. Treatment was equally effective when initiated on day -1 (before T cell activation) or day +6 (after T cell activation but before the initiation of corneal inflammation). Treatment with anti-IL-4 had no effect. The histologic features of corneal inflammation in mock-treated mice included neovascularization, corneal edema, and cellular infiltration. Corneas of anti-IL-2-treated mice that developed inflammation had similar but less severe histologic features. Corneas of anti-IFN-gamma-treated mice that developed inflammation had neovascularization and edema but minimal cellular infiltration. Treatment with anti-IFN-gamma or anti-IL-2 significantly exacerbated periocular skin lesions when initiated at day -1, but not when initiated at day +6. Anti-IL-4 treatment had no effect on skin lesions. Treatment with either anti-IFN-gamma or anti-IL-2, when initiated at day -1, significantly inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to HSV Ag, but when treatment was begun at day +6 only anti- IFN-gamma significantly inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Our findings suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-2 are important elements in both an immunopathologic T-lymphocyte response to HSV-1 Ag in the cornea and a protective T lymphocyte response in the skin.
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