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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 149, Issue 12 4029-4035, Copyright © 1992 by American Association of Immunologists

ARTICLES

Different populations of macrophages use either the vitronectin receptor or the phosphatidylserine receptor to recognize and remove apoptotic cells

VA Fadok, JS Savill, C Haslett, DL Bratton, DE Doherty, PA Campbell and PM Henson
National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206.

One of the key features associated with programmed cell death in many tissues is the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by macrophages. Removal of apoptotic cells occurs before their lysis, indicating that these cells, during the development of apoptosis, express specific surface changes recognized by macrophages. We have compared the mechanisms by which four different macrophage populations recognize apoptotic cells. Murine macrophages elicited into the peritoneal cavity with either of two different phlogistic agents were able to phagocytose apoptotic cells. This phagocytosis was inhibited by phosphatidylserine (PS), regardless of the species (human or murine) or type (lymphocyte or neutrophil) of the apoptotic cell. In contrast, the murine bone marrow macrophage, like the human monocyte-derived macrophage, utilized the vitronectin receptor, an alpha v beta 3 integrin, for the removal of apoptotic cells, regardless of their species or type. That human macrophages are capable, under some circumstances, of recognizing PS on apoptotic cells was suggested by the observation that PS liposomes inhibited phagocytosis by phorbol ester-treated THP-1 cells. These results suggest that the mechanism by which apoptotic cells are recognized and phagocytosed by macrophages is determined by the subpopulation of macrophages studied.


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A. C. Chin, W. D. Lee, K. A. Murrin, D. W. Morck, J. K. Merrill, P. Dick, and A. G. Buret
Tilmicosin Induces Apoptosis in Bovine Peripheral Neutrophils in the Presence or in the Absence of Pasteurella haemolytica and Promotes Neutrophil Phagocytosis by Macrophages
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., September 1, 2000; 44(9): 2465 - 2470.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
T. S. Griffith, R. D. Anderson, B. L. Davidson, R. D. Williams, and T. L. Ratliff
Adenoviral-Mediated Transfer of the TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/Apo-2 Ligand Gene Induces Tumor Cell Apoptosis
J. Immunol., September 1, 2000; 165(5): 2886 - 2894.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
B. Hu, J. Sonstein, P. J. Christensen, A. Punturieri, and J. L. Curtis
Deficient In Vitro and In Vivo Phagocytosis of Apoptotic T Cells by Resident Murine Alveolar Macrophages
J. Immunol., August 15, 2000; 165(4): 2124 - 2133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JEMHome page
P. R. Taylor, A. Carugati, V. A. Fadok, H. T. Cook, M. Andrews, M. C. Carroll, J. S. Savill, P. M. Henson, M. Botto, and M. J. Walport
A Hierarchical Role for Classical Pathway Complement Proteins in the Clearance of Apoptotic Cells in Vivo
J. Exp. Med., August 7, 2000; 192(3): 359 - 366.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
V. Terpstra, E. S. van Amersfoort, A. G. van Velzen, J. Kuiper, and T. J. C. van Berkel
Hepatic and Extrahepatic Scavenger Receptors : Function in Relation to Disease
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2000; 20(8): 1860 - 1872.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
L. Harper, Y. Ren, J. Savill, D. Adu, and C. O. S. Savage
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Induce Reactive Oxygen-Dependent Dysregulation of Primed Neutrophil Apoptosis and Clearance by Macrophages
Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2000; 157(1): 211 - 220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
U. A. Hirt, F. Gantner, and M. Leist
Phagocytosis of Nonapoptotic Cells Dying by Caspase- Independent Mechanisms
J. Immunol., June 15, 2000; 164(12): 6520 - 6529.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
V. Terpstra and T. J. C. van Berkel
Scavenger receptors on liver Kupffer cells mediate the in vivo uptake of oxidatively damaged red blood cells in mice
Blood, March 15, 2000; 95(6): 2157 - 2163.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
C. Godson, S. Mitchell, K. Harvey, N. A. Petasis, N. Hogg, and H. R. Brady
Cutting Edge: Lipoxins Rapidly Stimulate Nonphlogistic Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Neutrophils by Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
J. Immunol., February 15, 2000; 164(4): 1663 - 1667.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
J. S. Duffield, L.-P. Erwig, X.-q. Wei, F. Y. Liew, A. J. Rees, and J. S. Savill
Activated Macrophages Direct Apoptosis and Suppress Mitosis of Mesangial Cells
J. Immunol., February 15, 2000; 164(4): 2110 - 2119.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
A. B. Manodori, G. A. Barabino, B. H. Lubin, and F. A. Kuypers
Adherence of phosphatidylserine-exposing erythrocytes to endothelial matrix thrombospondin
Blood, February 15, 2000; 95(4): 1293 - 1300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
C. Odaka and T. Mizuochi
Role of Macrophage Lysosomal Enzymes in the Degradation of Nucleosomes of Apoptotic Cells
J. Immunol., November 15, 1999; 163(10): 5346 - 5352.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JCBHome page
C. Thery, A. Regnault, J. Garin, J. Wolfers, L. Zitvogel, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, G. Raposo, and S. Amigorena
Molecular Characterization of Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes: Selective Accumulation of the Heat Shock Protein Hsc73
J. Cell Biol., November 1, 1999; 147(3): 599 - 610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
C. HASLETT
Granulocyte Apoptosis and Its Role in the Resolution and Control of Lung Inflammation
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 1999; 160(5): S5 - 11.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
G. M. Walsh, D. W. Sexton, M. G. Blaylock, and C. M. Convery
Resting and Cytokine-Stimulated Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells Recognize and Engulf Apoptotic Eosinophils
Blood, October 15, 1999; 94(8): 2827 - 2835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JEMHome page
S. C. Finnemann and E. Rodriguez-Boulan
Macrophage and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Phagocytosis: Apoptotic Cells and Photoreceptors Compete for {alpha}v{beta}3 and {alpha}v{beta}5 Integrins, and Protein Kinase C Regulates {alpha}v{beta}5 Binding and Cytoskeletal Linkage
J. Exp. Med., September 20, 1999; 190(6): 861 - 874.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
V. Kolenko, T. Bloom, P. Rayman, R. Bukowski, E. Hsi, and J. Finke
Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B Activity in Human T Lymphocytes Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis Without Detectable Activation of Caspase-1 and -3
J. Immunol., July 15, 1999; 163(2): 590 - 598.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
Y. Liu, J. M. Cousin, J. Hughes, J. Van Damme, J. R. Seckl, C. Haslett, I. Dransfield, J. Savill, and A. G. Rossi
Glucocorticoids Promote Nonphlogistic Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Leukocytes
J. Immunol., March 15, 1999; 162(6): 3639 - 3646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
L.-P. Erwig, S. Gordon, G. M. Walsh, and A. J. Rees
Previous Uptake of Apoptotic Neutrophils or Ligation of Integrin Receptors Downmodulates the Ability of Macrophages to Ingest Apoptotic Neutrophils
Blood, February 15, 1999; 93(4): 1406 - 1412.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. F. Tait and C. Smith
Phosphatidylserine Receptors: Role of CD36 in Binding of Anionic Phospholipid Vesicles to Monocytic Cells
J. Biol. Chem., January 29, 1999; 274(5): 3048 - 3054.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JEMHome page
D. Mevorach, J. O. Mascarenhas, D. Gershov, and K. B. Elkon
Complement-dependent Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Human Macrophages
J. Exp. Med., December 21, 1998; 188(12): 2313 - 2320.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Siegmund, A. Grant, C. Angeletti, L. Malone, J. W. Nichols, and H. K. Rudolph
Loss of Drs2p Does Not Abolish Transfer of Fluorescence-labeled Phospholipids across the Plasma Membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
J. Biol. Chem., December 18, 1998; 273(51): 34399 - 34405.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
K. Kurosaka, N. Watanabe, and Y. Kobayashi
Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Phorbol Myristate Acetate-Treated THP-1 Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages After Phagocytosis of Apoptotic CTLL-2 Cells
J. Immunol., December 1, 1998; 161(11): 6245 - 6249.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
V. A. Fadok, M. L. Warner, D. L. Bratton, and P. M. Henson
CD36 Is Required for Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Human Macrophages That Use Either a Phosphatidylserine Receptor or the Vitronectin Receptor ({alpha}v{beta}3)
J. Immunol., December 1, 1998; 161(11): 6250 - 6257.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
Y. Jin, C. C. Wilhide, C. Dang, L. Li, S.-X. Li, M. Villa-Garcia, and P. F. Bray
Human Integrin beta 3 Gene Expression: Evidence for a Megakaryocytic Cell-Specific cis-Acting Element
Blood, October 15, 1998; 92(8): 2777 - 2790.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JEMHome page
M. L. Albert, S.F. A. Pearce, L. M. Francisco, B. Sauter, P. Roy, R. L. Silverstein, and N. Bhardwaj
Immature Dendritic Cells Phagocytose Apoptotic Cells via {alpha}v{beta}5 and CD36, and Cross-present Antigens to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
J. Exp. Med., October 5, 1998; 188(7): 1359 - 1368.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
M. K. Balcewicz-Sablinska, J. Keane, H. Kornfeld, and H. G. Remold
Pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Evades Apoptosis of Host Macrophages by Release of TNF-R2, Resulting in Inactivation of TNF-{alpha}
J. Immunol., September 1, 1998; 161(5): 2636 - 2641.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
K. Oka, T. Sawamura, K.-i. Kikuta, S. Itokawa, N. Kume, T. Kita, and T. Masaki
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 mediates phagocytosis of aged/apoptotic cells in endothelial cells
PNAS, August 4, 1998; 95(16): 9535 - 9540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
E. M. Schwarz, C. Badorff, T. S. Hiura, R. Wessely, A. Badorff, I. M. Verma, and K. U. Knowlton
NF-kappa B-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis Is Required for Encephalomyocarditis Virus Virulence: a Mechanism of Resistance in p50 Knockout Mice
J. Virol., July 1, 1998; 72(7): 5654 - 5660.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Zhuang, Y. Ren, R. T. Snowden, H. Zhu, V. Gogvadze, J. S. Savill, and G. M. Cohen
Dissociation of Phagocyte Recognition of Cells Undergoing Apoptosis from Other Features of the Apoptotic Program
J. Biol. Chem., June 19, 1998; 273(25): 15628 - 15632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
A. Haunstetter and S. Izumo
Apoptosis : Basic Mechanisms and Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Circ. Res., June 15, 1998; 82(11): 1111 - 1129.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
R. D. Pettersen, G. Gaudernack, M. K. Olafsen, S. O. Lie, and K. Hestdal
The TCR-Binding Region of the HLA Class I {alpha}2 Domain Signals Rapid Fas-Independent Cell Death: A Direct Pathway for T Cell-Mediated Killing of Target Cells?
J. Immunol., May 1, 1998; 160(9): 4343 - 4352.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
A. G. Rossi, J. C. McCutcheon, N. Roy, E. R. Chilvers, C. Haslett, and I. Dransfield
Regulation of Macrophage Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by cAMP
J. Immunol., April 1, 1998; 160(7): 3562 - 3568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
V. Terpstra, D. A. Bird, and D. Steinberg
Evidence that the lipid moiety of oxidized low density lipoprotein plays a role in its interaction with macrophage receptors
PNAS, February 17, 1998; 95(4): 1806 - 1811.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
G. R. Sambrano, V. Terpstra, and D. Steinberg
Independent Mechanisms for Macrophage Binding and Macrophage Phagocytosis of Damaged Erythrocytes : Evidence of Receptor Cooperativity
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1997; 17(12): 3442 - 3448.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. C. Finnemann, V. L. Bonilha, A. D. Marmorstein, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan
Phagocytosis of rod outer segments by retinal pigment epithelial cells requires alpha vbeta 5 integrin for binding but not for internalization
PNAS, November 25, 1997; 94(24): 12932 - 12937.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
C. C. Wilhide, Y. Jin, Q. Guo, L. Li, S.-X. Li, E. Rubin, and P. F. Bray
The Human Integrin beta 3 Gene Is 63 kb and Contains a 5'-UTR Sequence Regulating Expression
Blood, November 15, 1997; 90(10): 3951 - 3961.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
D. G. Perry, P. Wisniowski, G. L. Daugherty, J. Downing, and W. J. Martin II
Nonimmune Phagocytosis of Liposomes by Rat Alveolar Macrophages Is Enhanced by Vitronectin and Is Vitronectin-receptor Mediated
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., October 1, 1997; 17(4): 462 - 470.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 JCBHome page
L. S. Kean, A. M. Grant, C. Angeletti, Y. Mahe, K. Kuchler, R. S. Fuller, and J. W. Nichols
Plasma Membrane Translocation of Fluorescent-labeled Phosphatidylethanolamine Is Controlled by Transcription Regulators, PDR1 and PDR3
J. Cell Biol., July 28, 1997; 138(2): 255 - 270.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
V. Terpstra, N. Kondratenko, and D. Steinberg
Macrophages lacking scavenger receptor A show a decrease in binding and uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein and of apoptotic thymocytes, but not of oxidatively damaged red blood cells
PNAS, July 22, 1997; 94(15): 8127 - 8131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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