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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 147, Issue 8 2777-2786, Copyright © 1991 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
G Voraberger, R Schafer and C Stratowa
Ernst Boehringer Institut, Bender & Co., Vienna, Austria.
Human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a specific ligand for the lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1), plays an important role in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. It is induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. However, little is known concerning the intracellular regulatory mechanisms which trigger ICAM-1 up-regulation. In order to study potential regulatory elements involved in ICAM-1 induction we have cloned the human ICAM-1 gene and 5 kb of its 5'-regulatory region. The sequence of the cDNA was found to be distributed over seven exons separated by six introns, whereby each of the five extracellular Ig- like domains of ICAM-1 is encoded by its own exon. The upstream sequence harbors a number of sequence motifs implicated in the regulation and expression of eukaryotic genes, including binding sites for the transcription factors SP-1, AP-1, and NF-kB. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis revealed two transcription initiation sites 319 bp and 41 bp upstream of the translation start site. Consensus TATA boxes were found at the expected positions about 25 bp upstream of both start sites. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed differential use of the two TATA boxes in A549 and HS913T cells. Both RNA seem to code for the same for of ICAM-1 protein. For regulation studies a 1.3-kb EcoRI/SalI fragment of the 5'-flanking region was used to promote transcription of a linked luciferase reporter gene in transient-transfection assays in A549 and HS913T cells. Treatment of A549 cells with IL-1 or TNF-alpha resulted in a two- or fourfold increase in luciferase activity. Furthermore, a sixfold induction could be achieved after treatment with the phorbol ester PMA. In contrast, agents that increase intracellular cAMP levels did not induce luciferase activity. Northern blot analysis was used to investigate the kinetics of ICAM-1 mRNA synthesis upon induction with TNF-alpha and PMA. These data suggest that the up-regulation of ICAM-1 by cytokines occurs at least partly at the transcriptional level. Deletion analysis of the 1.3-kb fragment of the 5'-flanking region revealed sequences responsible for promotion and inhibition of transcription. In particular, two functionally distinct regions have been characterized: a short fragment containing an NF-kB binding site has been shown to function as an activator, followed immediately downstream by a sequence acting as a silencer element. Therefore, ICAM-1 gene expression seems to be modulated by multiple cis-acting elements.
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M. Tamaru, K. Tomura, S. Sakamoto, K. Tezuka, T. Tamatani, and S. Narumi Interleukin-1ß Induces Tissue- and Cell Type–Specific Expression of Adhesion Molecules In Vivo Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1998; 18(8): 1292 - 1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Kageyama, Y. Koide1, A. Yoshida, M. Uchijima, T. Arai, S. Miyamoto, T. Ozeki, M. Hiyoshi, K. Kushida, and T. Inoue Reduced Susceptibility to Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice Deficient in IFN-{gamma} Receptor J. Immunol., August 1, 1998; 161(3): 1542 - 1548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. S. Taylor, M. E. de Vera, R. W. Ganster, Q. Wang, R. A. Shapiro, S. M. Morris Jr., T. R. Billiar, and D. A. Geller Multiple NF-kappa B Enhancer Elements Regulate Cytokine Induction of the Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene J. Biol. Chem., June 12, 1998; 273(24): 15148 - 15156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F. Calara, P. Dimayuga, A. Niemann, J. Thyberg, U. Diczfalusy, J. L. Witztum, W. Palinski, P. K. Shah, B. Cercek, J. Nilsson, et al. An Animal Model to Study Local Oxidation of LDL and Its Biological Effects in the Arterial Wall Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1998; 18(6): 884 - 893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. J. Johnson, M. Stack, S. A. Hazlewood, M. Jones, C. G. Blackmore, L.-F. Hu, and M. Rowe The 30-Base-Pair Deletion in Chinese Variants of the Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Gene Is Not the Major Effector of Functional Differences between Variant LMP1 Genes in Human Lymphocytes J. Virol., May 1, 1998; 72(5): 4038 - 4048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Sugiyama, K. Kugiyama, N. Ogata, H. Doi, Y. Ota, M. Ohgushi, T. Matsumura, H. Oka, and H. Yasue Biphasic Regulation of Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activity in Human Endothelial Cells by Lysophosphatidylcholine Through Protein Kinase C–Mediated Pathway Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1998; 18(4): 568 - 576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Zhu, J. H.-C. Lin, H.-L. Liao, O. Friedli Jr, L. Verna, N. W. Marten, D. S. Straus, and M. B. Stemerman LDL Induces Transcription Factor Activator Protein-1 in Human Endothelial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1998; 18(3): 473 - 480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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V. Lakshminarayanan, D. W. A. Beno, R. H. Costa, and K. A. Roebuck Differential Regulation of Interleukin-8 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 by H2O2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Endothelial and Epithelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 1997; 272(52): 32910 - 32918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J.J. Chiu, B.S. Wung, J. Y.J. Shyy, H.J. Hsieh, and D.L. Wang Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Shear Stress-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1997; 17(12): 3570 - 3577. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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M. Braun, P. Pietsch, A. Zepp, K. Schror, G. Baumann, and S. B. Felix Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Interleukin-1ß Induced Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by cAMP Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2568 - 2575. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. Song, H. Ling-Hu, K. A. Roebuck, M. F. Rabbi, R. P. Donnelly, and A. Finnegan Interleukin-10 Inhibits Interferon-gamma -Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene Transcription in Human Monocytes Blood, June 15, 1997; 89(12): 4461 - 4469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Ohmori, R. D. Schreiber, and T. A. Hamilton Synergy between Interferon-gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Transcriptional Activation Is Mediated by Cooperation between Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 and Nuclear Factor kappa B J. Biol. Chem., June 6, 1997; 272(23): 14899 - 14907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. F. Baker, S. S. Lot, T. P. Condon, S. Cheng-Flournoy, E. A. Lesnik, H. M. Sasmor, and C. F. Bennett 2'-O-(2-Methoxy)ethyl-modified Anti-intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) Oligonucleotides Selectively Increase the ICAM-1 mRNA Level and Inhibit Formation of the ICAM-1 Translation Initiation Complex in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., May 2, 1997; 272(18): 11994 - 12000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X.-L. L. Chen, P. E. Tummala, L. Olliff, and R. M. Medford E-Selectin Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Evidence for a Tissue-Specific Repressor Protein Circ. Res., March 1, 1997; 80(3): 305 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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D. M. Smalley, J. H.-C. Lin, M. L. Curtis, Y. Kobari, M. B. Stemerman, and K. A. Pritchard Jr Native LDL Increases Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness by Inducing Intercellular Adhesion Molecule–1 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1996; 16(4): 585 - 590. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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H. Ochi, N. Kume, E. Nishi, and T. Kita Elevated Levels of cAMP Inhibit Protein Kinase C– Independent Mechanisms of Endothelial Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–B Chain and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene Induction by Lysophosphatidylcholine Circ. Res., September 1, 1995; 77(3): 530 - 535. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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C. J. Bachurski, G. S. Pryhuber, S. W. Glasser, S. E. Kelly, and J. A. Whitsett Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibits Surfactant Protein C Gene Transcription J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 1995; 270(33): 19402 - 19407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. A. Roebuck, A. Rahman, V. Lakshminarayanan, K. Janakidevi, and A. B. Malik H(2)O(2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Activate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) Gene Transcription through Distinct cis-Regulatory Elements within the ICAM-1 Promoter J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 1995; 270(32): 18966 - 18974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Weber, W. Erl, A. Pietsch, U. Danesch, and P. C. Weber Docosahexaenoic Acid Selectively Attenuates Induction of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule–1 and Subsequent Monocytic Cell Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells Stimulated by Tumor Necrosis Factor–{alpha} Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1995; 15(5): 622 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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H. C. Ledebur and T. P. Parks Transcriptional Regulation of the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene by Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., January 13, 1995; 270(2): 933 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. S. Baldwin, H. M. Shen, H. C. Yan, H. M. DeLisser, A. Chung, C. Mickanin, T. Trask, N. E. Kirschbaum, P. J. Newman, S. M. Albelda, et al. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31): alternatively spliced, functionally distinct isoforms expressed during mammalian cardiovascular development Development, September 1, 1994; 120(9): 2539 - 2553. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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U. Schonbeck, H.-D. Flad, E. Th. Rietschel, E. Brandt, and H. Loppnow S-form LPS induces leukocyte adhesion to human vascular endothelial cells as potent as IL-1: lipid A precursor Ia antagonizes induction of adhesion by LPS Innate Immunity, March 1, 1994; 1(1): 4 - 13. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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A. M. Mehl, J. E. Floettmann, M. Jones, P. Brennan, and M. Rowe Characterization of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Regulation by Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded Latent Membrane Protein-1 Identifies Pathways That Cooperate with Nuclear Factor kappa B to Activate Transcription J. Biol. Chem., January 5, 2001; 276(2): 984 - 992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. Trogan, R. P. Choudhury, H. M. Dansky, J. X. Rong, J. L. Breslow, and E. A. Fisher Laser capture microdissection analysis of gene expression in macrophages from atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice PNAS, February 19, 2002; 99(4): 2234 - 2239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. D. Silverman, R. J. Tumuluri, M. Davis, G. Lopez, J. T. Rosenbaum, and P. I. Lelkes Homocysteine Upregulates Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Cultured Human Aortic Endothelial Cells and Enhances Monocyte Adhesion Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 587 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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