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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 147, Issue 8 2777-2786, Copyright © 1991 by American Association of Immunologists


ARTICLES

Cloning of the human gene for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and analysis of its 5'-regulatory region. Induction by cytokines and phorbol ester

G Voraberger, R Schafer and C Stratowa
Ernst Boehringer Institut, Bender & Co., Vienna, Austria.

Human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a specific ligand for the lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1), plays an important role in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. It is induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. However, little is known concerning the intracellular regulatory mechanisms which trigger ICAM-1 up-regulation. In order to study potential regulatory elements involved in ICAM-1 induction we have cloned the human ICAM-1 gene and 5 kb of its 5'-regulatory region. The sequence of the cDNA was found to be distributed over seven exons separated by six introns, whereby each of the five extracellular Ig- like domains of ICAM-1 is encoded by its own exon. The upstream sequence harbors a number of sequence motifs implicated in the regulation and expression of eukaryotic genes, including binding sites for the transcription factors SP-1, AP-1, and NF-kB. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis revealed two transcription initiation sites 319 bp and 41 bp upstream of the translation start site. Consensus TATA boxes were found at the expected positions about 25 bp upstream of both start sites. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed differential use of the two TATA boxes in A549 and HS913T cells. Both RNA seem to code for the same for of ICAM-1 protein. For regulation studies a 1.3-kb EcoRI/SalI fragment of the 5'-flanking region was used to promote transcription of a linked luciferase reporter gene in transient-transfection assays in A549 and HS913T cells. Treatment of A549 cells with IL-1 or TNF-alpha resulted in a two- or fourfold increase in luciferase activity. Furthermore, a sixfold induction could be achieved after treatment with the phorbol ester PMA. In contrast, agents that increase intracellular cAMP levels did not induce luciferase activity. Northern blot analysis was used to investigate the kinetics of ICAM-1 mRNA synthesis upon induction with TNF-alpha and PMA. These data suggest that the up-regulation of ICAM-1 by cytokines occurs at least partly at the transcriptional level. Deletion analysis of the 1.3-kb fragment of the 5'-flanking region revealed sequences responsible for promotion and inhibition of transcription. In particular, two functionally distinct regions have been characterized: a short fragment containing an NF-kB binding site has been shown to function as an activator, followed immediately downstream by a sequence acting as a silencer element. Therefore, ICAM-1 gene expression seems to be modulated by multiple cis-acting elements.


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A. Rahman, K. N. Anwar, A. L. True, and A. B. Malik
Thrombin-Induced p65 Homodimer Binding to Downstream NF-{kappa}B Site of the Promoter Mediates Endothelial ICAM-1 Expression and Neutrophil Adhesion
J. Immunol., May 1, 1999; 162(9): 5466 - 5476.
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M. Krull, A. C. Klucken, F. N. Wuppermann, O. Fuhrmann, C. Magerl, J. Seybold, S. Hippenstiel, J. H. Hegemann, C. A. Jantos, and N. Suttorp
Signal Transduction Pathways Activated in Endothelial Cells Following Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae
J. Immunol., April 15, 1999; 162(8): 4834 - 4841.
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Circ. Res.Home page
C. Kupatt, H. Habazettl, A. Goedecke, D. A. Wolf, S. Zahler, P. Boekstegers, R. A. Kelly, and B. F. Becker
Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Contributes to Ischemia- and Reperfusion-Induced Endothelial Activation in Isolated Hearts
Circ. Res., March 5, 1999; 84(4): 392 - 400.
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Y. Hsing and G. A. Bishop
Requirement for Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activation by a Distinct Subset of CD40-Mediated Effector Functions in B Lymphocytes
J. Immunol., March 1, 1999; 162(5): 2804 - 2811.
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M. Tamaru and S. Narumi
E-selectin Gene Expression Is Induced Synergistically with the Coexistence of Activated Classic Protein Kinase C and Signals Elicited by Interleukin-1beta but Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
J. Biol. Chem., February 5, 1999; 274(6): 3753 - 3763.
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R. A. McKay, L. J. Miraglia, L. L. Cummins, S. R. Owens, H. Sasmor, and N. M. Dean
Characterization of a Potent and Specific Class of Antisense Oligonucleotide Inhibitor of Human Protein Kinase C-alpha Expression
J. Biol. Chem., January 15, 1999; 274(3): 1715 - 1722.
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Ann Rheum DisHome page
H. Shin, I. Kitajima, T. Nakajima, Q. Shao, T. Tokioka, I. Takasaki, N. Hanyu, T. Kubo, and I. Maruyama
Thrombin receptor mediated signals induce expressions of interleukin 6 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor via NF-kappa B activation in synovial fibroblasts
Ann Rheum Dis, January 1, 1999; 58(1): 55 - 60.
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V. Lakshminarayanan, E. A. Drab-Weiss, and K. A. Roebuck
H2O2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Induce Differential Binding of the Redox-responsive Transcription Factors AP-1 and NF-kappa B to the Interleukin-8 Promoter in Endothelial and Epithelial Cells
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J. Virol.Home page
O. Devergne, E. C. McFarland, G. Mosialos, K. M. Izumi, C. F. Ware, and E. Kieff
Role of the TRAF Binding Site and NF-kappa B Activation in Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1-Induced Cell Gene Expression
J. Virol., October 1, 1998; 72(10): 7900 - 7908.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. Tamaru, K. Tomura, S. Sakamoto, K. Tezuka, T. Tamatani, and S. Narumi
Interleukin-1ß Induces Tissue- and Cell Type–Specific Expression of Adhesion Molecules In Vivo
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1998; 18(8): 1292 - 1303.
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Y. Kageyama, Y. Koide1, A. Yoshida, M. Uchijima, T. Arai, S. Miyamoto, T. Ozeki, M. Hiyoshi, K. Kushida, and T. Inoue
Reduced Susceptibility to Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice Deficient in IFN-{gamma} Receptor
J. Immunol., August 1, 1998; 161(3): 1542 - 1548.
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B. S. Taylor, M. E. de Vera, R. W. Ganster, Q. Wang, R. A. Shapiro, S. M. Morris Jr., T. R. Billiar, and D. A. Geller
Multiple NF-kappa B Enhancer Elements Regulate Cytokine Induction of the Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene
J. Biol. Chem., June 12, 1998; 273(24): 15148 - 15156.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
F. Calara, P. Dimayuga, A. Niemann, J. Thyberg, U. Diczfalusy, J. L. Witztum, W. Palinski, P. K. Shah, B. Cercek, J. Nilsson, et al.
An Animal Model to Study Local Oxidation of LDL and Its Biological Effects in the Arterial Wall
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1998; 18(6): 884 - 893.
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R. J. Johnson, M. Stack, S. A. Hazlewood, M. Jones, C. G. Blackmore, L.-F. Hu, and M. Rowe
The 30-Base-Pair Deletion in Chinese Variants of the Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Gene Is Not the Major Effector of Functional Differences between Variant LMP1 Genes in Human Lymphocytes
J. Virol., May 1, 1998; 72(5): 4038 - 4048.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
S. Sugiyama, K. Kugiyama, N. Ogata, H. Doi, Y. Ota, M. Ohgushi, T. Matsumura, H. Oka, and H. Yasue
Biphasic Regulation of Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activity in Human Endothelial Cells by Lysophosphatidylcholine Through Protein Kinase C–Mediated Pathway
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1998; 18(4): 568 - 576.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
Y. Zhu, J. H.-C. Lin, H.-L. Liao, O. Friedli Jr, L. Verna, N. W. Marten, D. S. Straus, and M. B. Stemerman
LDL Induces Transcription Factor Activator Protein-1 in Human Endothelial Cells
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1998; 18(3): 473 - 480.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
V. Lakshminarayanan, D. W. A. Beno, R. H. Costa, and K. A. Roebuck
Differential Regulation of Interleukin-8 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 by H2O2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Endothelial and Epithelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem., December 26, 1997; 272(52): 32910 - 32918.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
J.J. Chiu, B.S. Wung, J. Y.J. Shyy, H.J. Hsieh, and D.L. Wang
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Shear Stress-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1997; 17(12): 3570 - 3577.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. Braun, P. Pietsch, A. Zepp, K. Schror, G. Baumann, and S. B. Felix
Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Interleukin-1ß Induced Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by cAMP
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2568 - 2575.
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BloodHome page
S. Song, H. Ling-Hu, K. A. Roebuck, M. F. Rabbi, R. P. Donnelly, and A. Finnegan
Interleukin-10 Inhibits Interferon-gamma -Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene Transcription in Human Monocytes
Blood, June 15, 1997; 89(12): 4461 - 4469.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Ohmori, R. D. Schreiber, and T. A. Hamilton
Synergy between Interferon-gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Transcriptional Activation Is Mediated by Cooperation between Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 and Nuclear Factor kappa B
J. Biol. Chem., June 6, 1997; 272(23): 14899 - 14907.
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B. F. Baker, S. S. Lot, T. P. Condon, S. Cheng-Flournoy, E. A. Lesnik, H. M. Sasmor, and C. F. Bennett
2'-O-(2-Methoxy)ethyl-modified Anti-intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) Oligonucleotides Selectively Increase the ICAM-1 mRNA Level and Inhibit Formation of the ICAM-1 Translation Initiation Complex in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem., May 2, 1997; 272(18): 11994 - 12000.
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Circ. Res.Home page
X.-L. L. Chen, P. E. Tummala, L. Olliff, and R. M. Medford
E-Selectin Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Evidence for a Tissue-Specific Repressor Protein
Circ. Res., March 1, 1997; 80(3): 305 - 311.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
D. M. Smalley, J. H.-C. Lin, M. L. Curtis, Y. Kobari, M. B. Stemerman, and K. A. Pritchard Jr
Native LDL Increases Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness by Inducing Intercellular Adhesion Molecule–1
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1996; 16(4): 585 - 590.
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Circ. Res.Home page
H. Ochi, N. Kume, E. Nishi, and T. Kita
Elevated Levels of cAMP Inhibit Protein Kinase C– Independent Mechanisms of Endothelial Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–B Chain and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene Induction by Lysophosphatidylcholine
Circ. Res., September 1, 1995; 77(3): 530 - 535.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. J. Bachurski, G. S. Pryhuber, S. W. Glasser, S. E. Kelly, and J. A. Whitsett
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibits Surfactant Protein C Gene Transcription
J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 1995; 270(33): 19402 - 19407.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. A. Roebuck, A. Rahman, V. Lakshminarayanan, K. Janakidevi, and A. B. Malik
H(2)O(2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Activate Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) Gene Transcription through Distinct cis-Regulatory Elements within the ICAM-1 Promoter
J. Biol. Chem., August 11, 1995; 270(32): 18966 - 18974.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
C. Weber, W. Erl, A. Pietsch, U. Danesch, and P. C. Weber
Docosahexaenoic Acid Selectively Attenuates Induction of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule–1 and Subsequent Monocytic Cell Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells Stimulated by Tumor Necrosis Factor–{alpha}
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1995; 15(5): 622 - 628.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. C. Ledebur and T. P. Parks
Transcriptional Regulation of the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene by Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Endothelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem., January 13, 1995; 270(2): 933 - 943.
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DevelopmentHome page
H. S. Baldwin, H. M. Shen, H. C. Yan, H. M. DeLisser, A. Chung, C. Mickanin, T. Trask, N. E. Kirschbaum, P. J. Newman, S. M. Albelda, et al.
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31): alternatively spliced, functionally distinct isoforms expressed during mammalian cardiovascular development
Development, September 1, 1994; 120(9): 2539 - 2553.
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Innate ImmunityHome page
U. Schonbeck, H.-D. Flad, E. Th. Rietschel, E. Brandt, and H. Loppnow
S-form LPS induces leukocyte adhesion to human vascular endothelial cells as potent as IL-1: lipid A precursor Ia antagonizes induction of adhesion by LPS
Innate Immunity, March 1, 1994; 1(1): 4 - 13.
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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. M. Mehl, J. E. Floettmann, M. Jones, P. Brennan, and M. Rowe
Characterization of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Regulation by Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded Latent Membrane Protein-1 Identifies Pathways That Cooperate with Nuclear Factor kappa B to Activate Transcription
J. Biol. Chem., January 5, 2001; 276(2): 984 - 992.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. Trogan, R. P. Choudhury, H. M. Dansky, J. X. Rong, J. L. Breslow, and E. A. Fisher
Laser capture microdissection analysis of gene expression in macrophages from atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
PNAS, February 19, 2002; 99(4): 2234 - 2239.
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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. D. Silverman, R. J. Tumuluri, M. Davis, G. Lopez, J. T. Rosenbaum, and P. I. Lelkes
Homocysteine Upregulates Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Cultured Human Aortic Endothelial Cells and Enhances Monocyte Adhesion
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 587 - 592.
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