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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 146, Issue 6 1829-1835, Copyright © 1991 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
C Walker, JC Virchow Jr, PL Bruijnzeel and K Blaser
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos.
Lymphokines derived from activated T cells regulate the proliferation and postmitotic differentiation of eosinophils in vitro. We investigated whether peripheral blood eosinophilia, which is a characteristic feature of both allergic and nonallergic asthma, correlates with T cell activation and lymphokine production in asthmatic patients. Flow cytometric analysis of T cell activation markers revealed that asthmatic individuals are characterized by increased numbers of IL-2R (CD25)-bearing T cell subsets. The absolute number of IL-2R+ T cells correlated with the eosinophilia observed in the asthmatic patients. Purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from allergic and nonallergic asthmatic individuals spontaneously secreted factors that extend the lifespan of eosinophils in vitro. T cells from normal donors displayed this effect only after polyclonal stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody. The eosinophil lifespan-extending factors were also found in sera of asthmatic patients. Identification of these factors was performed by using neutralizing antibodies against IL-3, IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF. In sera, mainly IL-5 and granulocyte- macrophage CSF were responsible for prolonged eosinophil survival, whereas granulocyte-macrophage CSF was dominant in T cell supernatants. These results indicate that T cells and secretion of lymphokines play an important regulatory function toward eosinophils, which are thought to represent major proinflammatory effector cells in certain types of asthma.
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