The Journal of Immunology, Vol 144, Issue 9 3602-3610, Copyright © 1990 by American Association of Immunologists

ARTICLES

Deregulated Bcl-2 gene expression selectively prolongs survival of growth factor-deprived hemopoietic cell lines

G Nunez, L London, D Hockenbery, M Alexander, JP McKearn and SJ Korsmeyer
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.

The t(14;18) of human follicular B cell lymphoma translocates the Bcl-2 gene into the Ig H chain locus and markedly deregulates Bcl-2 expression. We sought to determine if Bcl-2 could be directly implicated in a growth-factor pathway. Consequently, we introduced a retrovirus containing the murine Bcl-2 gene (N2-M-Bcl-2) or the parental retrovirus (N2) into a series of factor-dependent hemopoietic cell lines. Overexpressed Bcl-2 resulted in no long term IL-2, IL-3, or IL-6 independent clones, indicating that Bcl-2 could not spare the need for a specific ligand-receptor interaction. However, Bcl-2 did extend the short term survival of IL-3-dependent cell lines after factor deprivation. Although viable, IL-3-deprived pro B lymphocytes (FL5.12) bearing N2-M-Bcl-2 were in Go, and deregulated Bcl-2 did not obviously influence cell-cycle progression. Bcl-2 predominant effects were to delay the onset of cell death and to modestly augment viable cell growth in the first 48 h after IL-3 deprivation. This death sparing was associated with increased levels of Bcl-2 RNA and protein in factor- deprived cells possessing N2-M-Bcl-2. This result was not restricted to prolymphocytes because an IL-3-dependent mast cell line (32D) as well as a promyeloid line (FDC-P1) demonstrated the same response to Bcl-2. Moreover, the effect was not limited to the IL-3/IL-3R signal transduction pathway in that promyeloid cells maintained in granulocyte- macrophage-CSF or IL-4 displayed a similar response. Yet, Bcl-2- enhanced cell survival was not universal as an IL-2-dependent T cell line, and an IL-6-dependent myeloma line demonstrated no consistent effect upon IL withdrawal. Thus, Bcl-2 appears to interfere with cell death but in a cell type and/or factor-restricted fashion.

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				G. F. Erickson Defining Apoptosis: Players and Systems Reproductive Sciences, September 1, 1997; 4(5): 219 - 228. [Abstract] [PDF]

				X.-J. Tao, K. I. Tilly, D. V. Maravei, J. L. Shifren, S. Krajewski, J. C. Reed, J. L. Tilly, and K. B. Isaacson Differential Expression of Members of the bcl-2 Gene Family in Proliferative and Secretory Human Endometrium: Glandular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis Is Associated with Increased Expression of bax J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1997; 82(8): 2738 - 2746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. L. Simonian, D. A.M. Grillot, and G. Nunez Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL Can Differentially Block Chemotherapy-Induced Cell Death Blood, August 1, 1997; 90(3): 1208 - 1216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				C. Sanz, A. Benito, M. Silva, B. Albella, C. Richard, J. C. Segovia, A. Insunza, J. A. Bueren, and J. L. Fernandez-Luna The Expression of Bcl-x Is Downregulated During Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Along the Granulocyte But Not the Monocyte/Macrophage Lineage Blood, May 1, 1997; 89(9): 3199 - 3204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Osorio, A. De Santiago, M. Aguilar-SantelisesHa, k. Mellstedt, and M. Jondal CD6 Ligation Modulates the Bcl-2/Bax Ratio and Protects Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells From Apoptosis Induced by Anti-IgM Blood, April 15, 1997; 89(8): 2833 - 2841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. W. Findley, L. Gu, A. M. Yeager, and M. Zhou Expression and Regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Bax Correlate With p53 Status and Sensitivity to Apoptosis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Blood, April 15, 1997; 89(8): 2986 - 2993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				P. L. Simonian, D. A.M. Grillot, D. W. Andrews, B. Leber, and G. Nunez Bax Homodimerization Is Not Required for Bax to Accelerate Chemotherapy-induced Cell Death J. Biol. Chem., December 13, 1996; 271(50): 32073 - 32077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				E. D. Bullock and E. M. Johnson Jr. Nerve Growth Factor Induces the Expression of Certain Cytokine Genes and bcl-2 in Mast Cells. POTENTIAL ROLE IN SURVIVAL PROMOTION J. Biol. Chem., November 1, 1996; 271(44): 27500 - 27508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				P. L. Simonian, D. A.M. Grillot, R. Merino, and G. Nunez Bax Can Antagonize Bcl-XL during Etoposide and Cisplatin-induced Cell Death Independently of Its Heterodimerization with Bcl-XL J. Biol. Chem., September 13, 1996; 271(37): 22764 - 22772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				D. E. Bredesen REVIEW {blacksquare} : Keeping Neurons Alive: The Molecular Control of Apoptosis (Part II Neuroscientist, July 1, 1996; 2(4): 211 - 216. [PDF]

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				W. Meikrantz and R. Schlegel Suppression of Apoptosis by Dominant Negative Mutants of Cyclin-dependent Protein Kinases J. Biol. Chem., April 26, 1996; 271(17): 10205 - 10209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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