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The Journal of Immunology, Vol 132, Issue 1 38-42, Copyright © 1984 by American Association of Immunologists
ARTICLES |
JJ Cohen and RC Duke
Dexamethasone and corticosterone kill mouse thymocytes, as measured by eosin uptake, after several hours of in vitro incubation. This killing requires RNA and protein synthesis, because it is inhibited by cycloheximide, emetine, or actinomycin D. An earlier event than cell death is the extensive fragmentation of nuclear DNA into oligonucleosomal subunits; this fragmentation also requires RNA and protein synthesis. The DNA cleavage results from the action of an endonuclease that preferentially cleaves DNA in the linker regions between nucleosomes. This endonuclease is found constitutively in the nuclei of thymocytes and some other cells, and requires calcium and magnesium ions for its activation; if isolated fresh thymocyte nuclei are incubated with these ions, as much as 77% of their DNA is cleaved within 90 min. Thus, the protein for which synthesis is necessary for glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte death is not the endonuclease itself, but is in some way involved in its activation; we suggest that it may be part of a system for transporting calcium into the nucleus. The endonuclease is inhibited by zinc, which also prevents thymocyte death. It appears that glucocorticoids cause thymocyte death by activating an enzyme that rapidly and extensively degrades DNA. This "death from within" is biochemically and morphologically different from toxic or accidental cell death, such as that induced by azide, heat, or antibody and complement treatment. Although mature T cells also contain the endogenous endonuclease, they lack the glucocorticoid-inducible mechanism for activating it, and are thus glucocorticoid-resistant.
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N Core, S Bel, S. Gaunt, M Aurrand-Lions, J Pearce, A Fisher, and M Djabali Altered cellular proliferation and mesoderm patterning in Polycomb-M33-deficient mice Development, January 2, 1997; 124(3): 721 - 729. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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S. K Alpard, R. A Vertrees, Weike Tao, D. J Deyo, R. L Brunston JR, and J. B Zwischenberger Therapeutic hyperthermia Perfusion, November 1, 1996; 11(6): 425 - 435. [PDF] |
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J. E. Reynolds and A. Eastman Intracellular Calcium Stores Are Not Required for Bcl-2-mediated Protection from Apoptosis J. Biol. Chem., November 1, 1996; 271(44): 27739 - 27743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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DavidJ. McConkey and D. J. McConkey Calcium-dependent, Interleukin 1beta -converting Enzyme Inhibitor-insensitive Degradation of Lamin B1 and DNA Fragmentation in Isolated Thymocyte Nuclei J. Biol. Chem., September 13, 1996; 271(37): 22398 - 22406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. B. Briskin, C. Fady, M. Wang, and A. Lichtenstein Apoptotic Inhibition of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, May 1, 1996; 122(5): 559 - 563. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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M. Hugunin, L. J. Quintal, J. A. Mankovich, and T. Ghayur Protease Activity of in Vitro Transcribed and Translated Caenorhabditis elegans Cell Death Gene (ced-3) Product J. Biol. Chem., February 16, 1996; 271(7): 3517 - 3522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Fraser, S. Tynan, A Papaioannou, C. Ireland, and S. Pittman Endo-exonuclease of human leukaemic cells: evidence for a role in apoptosis J. Cell Sci., January 9, 1996; 109(9): 2343 - 2360. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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M. A. Lagarkova, O. V. Iarovaia, and S. V. Razin Large-scale Fragmentation of Mammalian DNA in the Course of Apoptosis Proceeds via Excision of Chromosomal DNA Loops and Their Oligomers J. Biol. Chem., September 1, 1995; 270(35): 20239 - 20241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Md. Hossain, H. Nakayama, and N. Goto Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System of Developing Mouse Fetuses from 5-Azacytidine-Administered Dams Toxicol Pathol, May 1, 1995; 23(3): 367 - 372. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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K Kuida, J. Lippke, G Ku, M. Harding, D. Livingston, M. Su, and R. Flavell Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme Science, March 31, 1995; 267(5206): 2000 - 2003. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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D. Pérez-Sala, D. Collado-Escobar, and F. Mollinedo Intracellular Alkalinization Suppresses Lovastatin-induced Apoptosis in HL-60 Cells through the Inactivation of a pH-dependent Endonuclease J. Biol. Chem., March 17, 1995; 270(11): 6235 - 6242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H Steller Mechanisms and genes of cellular suicide Science, March 10, 1995; 267(5203): 1445 - 1449. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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M. A. Davis, M. W. Smith, S. H. Chang, and B. F. Trump Characterization of a Renal Epithelial Cell Model of Apoptosis Using Okadaic Acid and the NRK-52E Cell Line Toxicol Pathol, November 1, 1994; 22(6): 595 - 605. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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P. A. Abello, S. A. Fidler, G. B. Bulkley, and T. G. Buchman Antioxidants Modulate Induction of Programmed Endothelial Cell Death (Apoptosis) by Endotoxin Arch Surg, February 1, 1994; 129(2): 134 - 141. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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S Cornillon, C Foa, J Davoust, N Buonavista, J. Gross, and P Golstein Programmed cell death in Dictyostelium J. Cell Sci., January 10, 1994; 107(10): 2691 - 2704. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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G. Bicknell, R. Snowden, and G. Cohen Formation of high molecular mass DNA fragments is a marker of apoptosis in the human leukaemic cell line, U937 J. Cell Sci., January 9, 1994; 107(9): 2483 - 2489. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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G. Kulkarni and C. McCulloch Serum deprivation induces apoptotic cell death in a subset of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts J. Cell Sci., January 5, 1994; 107(5): 1169 - 1179. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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V Garcia-Martinez, D Macias, Y Ganan, J. Garcia-Lobo, M. Francia, M. Fernandez-Teran, and J. Hurle Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the interdigital tissue of the embryonic chick leg bud J. Cell Sci., January 9, 1993; 106(1): 201 - 208. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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F Oberhammer, G Fritsch, M Schmied, M Pavelka, D Printz, T Purchio, H Lassmann, and R Schulte-Hermann Condensation of the chromatin at the membrane of an apoptotic nucleus is not associated with activation of an endonuclease J. Cell Sci., January 2, 1993; 104(2): 317 - 326. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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I Garcia, I Martinou, Y Tsujimoto, and J. Martinou Prevention of programmed cell death of sympathetic neurons by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene Science, October 9, 1992; 258(5080): 302 - 304. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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