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Antibody-Mediated Basophil Accumulations in Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Reactions of Guinea Pigs¹

From the Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510

Abstract

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) was studied in guinea pigs by using simplified histologic techniques. Animals immunized with oxazolone or picryl conjugates of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) emulsified with complete (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) were found to have hapten-specific cutaneous basophil reactions when skin tested at 1 week with oxazolone or picryl chloride contact painting or intradermal injection of oxazolone or picryl-conjugated human serum albumin, respectively. Thus, hapten-specific cutaneous basophil reactions were present in guinea pigs immunized with CFA for classical delayed hypersensitivity, and in animals immunized with IFA for Jones-Mote reactions.

Hapten-specific 24-hr cutaneous basophil reactions were passively transferred with immune serum from donors sensitized with conjugates of oxazolone or picryl-KLH in CFA or IFA, and with serum from oxazolone contact-sensitized animals as well. As little as 0.5 ml sera obtained from donors 1 week after immunization could systemically transfer cutaneous basophil reactions. It is likely that hapten-specific cutaneous basophil reactions are mediated by small quantities of serum antibodies.

We conclude that antibody-mediated cutaneous basophil reactions may be distinctive hypersensitivity responses that can be distinguished from classical anaphylactic, Arthus, and delayed hypersensitivities. It is suggested that CBH reactions are heterogeneous and that antibody products of B lymphocytes, and factors probably derived from T lymphocytes, play a role in basophil accumulations at cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions.

Footnotes

¹ This work was supported in part by grants from The American Cancer Society IM-70A, and by Research Grants AI-12211 and AI-11077 from The United States Public Health Service.

² Dr. Askenase is the recipient of an Allergic Diseases Academic Award AI-70829.

³ Dr. Haynes was supported by postdoctoral fellowships from The Connecticut Heart Association and The American Lung Association.

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