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Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity to Target Cells Infected with Type 1 and Type 2 Herpes Simplex Virus¹

From the Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303

Abstract

The phenomenon of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been extended to include target cells acutely infected with herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1) or herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2) in an in vitro system that employs immune human serum and human blood mononuclear cells. The cytotoxic reaction was detectable after 1 hr of incubation and was complete between 4 and 8 hr. The amount of ADCC noted was directly proportional to the logarithm₁₀ of the effector: target cell ratio (E:T), and ADCC was noted at E:T as low as 1:1. The mononuclear effector cell was present in the blood of both HSV immune and non-immune individuals. The immune serum factor was demonstrated to be an antibody with specificity for HSV membrane antigen(s) and was reactive with target cells infected with either of the two HSV types. The antibody rendered the mononuclear cell cytotoxic by sensitization of the target cell rather than by direct attachment to or "arming" of the mononuclear cell. The physiochemical properties of the antibody as well as its presence in cord blood demonstrated that it is an immunoglobulin of the IgG class.

Footnotes

¹ This work was supported in part by Contract CP43393 within the Virus Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service and by Grant 5-RO1-DE03924 from the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.