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Comparison of Cross-Reactivities between Albumins of Various Species at the Level of Antibody and Helper T Cells—Studies in Mice¹

From the Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York 10016, and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1853 West Polk Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612

Abstract

A study was made in LAF₁ mice of the cross-reactivity between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and albumins from a wide variety of species with respect to their interaction with anti-BSA and reactivity with BSA-sensitized helper T cells. Inhibition studies and direct binding of ¹²⁵I-albumins to anti-BSA were used to determine humoral cross-reactivity. Challenge by various trinitrophenyl- (TNP)-albumins of BSA-immune helper cells and TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin immune spleen cells in an adoptive anti-TNP plaque-forming cell response was used as a measure of cross-reactivity at the T cell level.

In most cases, cross-reactivities at both the humoral and T cell levels correlated fairly well. Goat and sheep albumin were highly cross-reactive, guinea pig, dog, and rabbit albumin gave medium-range reactivity, and rat and chicken albumin were essentially negative. Two major exceptions were observed both in the direction of greater T cell reactivity (pig albumin) and in the direction of greater humoral reactivity (horse albumin).

The results do not permit any definite conclusion as to the nature of the T cell receptor. They suggest, however, that such receptors may have discriminatory capabilities comparable to those of immunoglobulin.

Footnotes

¹ This work was supported by United States Public Health Service Grants AI-06281 and AI-3076.

² United States Public Health Service Senior COS-TEP Research Associate, No. 39900.

³ Recipient of a Postdoctoral Fellowship of the United States Public Health Service 5-FO2 AI50381.

⁴ Postodctoral Fellow, United States Public Health Service Grant GM00127.