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The Role of Humoral Factors in the Initiation of in Vitro Primary Immune Responses

IV. Are Macrophages the Adherent Cell Type Required for Cell Cooperation¹

From The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California 92112

Abstract

The nature of the adherent cell type that is required for the induction of immune responses to erythrocyte antigens in mouse spleen culture has been investigated. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells were grown in liquid culture systems in the presence of a colony stimulating factor. These mononuclear cells exhibit adherent, phagocytic, staining, rosette-forming, and cytotoxic properties characteristic of macrophages. However, such macrophage-like cells do not replace spleen adherent cells in the induction of immune responses to erythrocyte antigens in mouse spleen culture. Treatment of macrophage-like cells with normal mouse serum, hyperimmune anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) serum or thymus-derived cells activated to SRBC did not render these cells capable of restoring immune responses in adherent cell-depleted cultures. These findings suggest that the macrophage may not be the adherent cell type required for cooperative events in the induction of antibody synthesis. Adherent cell types may play two roles in the induction of immune responses to SRBC. A phagocytic role for the digestion of particulate antigens such as SRBC may be performed by a macrophage-like cell. Another cell type may be required in delivering part of the inductive stimulus to precursor antibody-forming cells or to thymus-derived helper cells.

Footnotes

¹ This work was supported by Grant RO1AI-11092 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to James Watson, by the Rockefeller Foundation, National Science Foundation Grant GB-37869 to Peter Ralph, a National Institutes of Health Research Fellowship No. 1 705 TWO 1795 to Ekkhart Trenkner, and National Institutes of Health Grant A-105875 and Training Grant A1-00430 to Melvin Cohn.