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Host Defenses During Primary Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus Infection in Mice

II. In Vitro Methods for the Measurement and Qualitation of the Immune Response

From the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21701

Abstract

Attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus immunization produces an antigen-reactive cell population in mice which is capable of responding specifically to homologous viral antigen. This reaction is short lived, involves thymus-derived or dependent (T) lymphocytes and requires the presence of macrophages in the culture system. Antibody competitively blocks T cell recognition and transformation. Booster immunization with attenuated VEE virus 35 days after initial immunization restores lymphocyte reactivity to previous peak values but produces only a bone marrow-derived or dependent lymphocyte response. Passive transfer studies demonstrate that only antigen-reactive cells which are susceptible to being killed by antisera directed at the T lymphocyte are capable of conferring adoptive immunity in a normal recipient.