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Cutaneous Basophil Hypersensitivity

IV. The "late Reaction": Sequel to Jones-Mote Type Hypersensitivity. Comparison with Rabbit Arthus Reaction. Effect of Passive Antibody on Induction and Expression of Jones-Mote Hypersensitivity¹

From the Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

Abstract

Sensitization of guinea pigs with any of a variety of protein antigens in saline or incomplete Freund's adjuvant primes them for a form of delayed-onset cutaneous hypersensitivity characterized by the presence of large numbers of basophilic leukocytes. This form of reactivity, designated cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH), generally may be elicited only at early intervals after sensitization and is superseded by another form of cutaneous reaction with a more rapid time course, termed the "late reaction." We have shown here that late reactions are composed of three sequential but overlapping phases, including cutaneous anaphylaxis, Arthus reactivity, and a residual CBH component. The distribution and clearance of antigen in guinea pig late reactions were quite similar to that observed in Arthus reactions elicited in hypersensitized rabbits, as judged by autoradiography. Clearance of ¹²⁵I-peroxidase from rabbit skin was retarded by the presence of an Arthus reaction, regardless of its immunologic specificity. In guinea pig late reactions, ¹²⁵I-HSA, probably combined with antibody, was concentrated by basophils and less commonly by eosinophils; antigen was more frequently localized in neutrophils and macrophages. The anaphylactic and, to a lesser extent, the Arthus components of late reactions could be passively transferred to normal animals with small amounts of hyperimmune serum. The CBH component was not so transferred, nor did hyperimmune serum administered before immunization interfere with the induction of CBH reactivity. However, large doses of passive antiserum given after immunization did inhibit the expression of CBH reactivity, as measured by basophil infiltration, but this effect was not immunologically specific.

Footnotes

¹ This work supported by United States Public Health Service Grants AI-09529 and GM02212.

² United States Public Health Service Training Fellow in Pathology. Present address: Department of Experimental Pathology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20012.

³ Present address: Department of Pathology, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

⁴ Career Development Awardee 1-K04-AI-46352, United States Public Health Service.

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