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Effect of Cobra Venom Factor on the Local GVH Reaction

I. Partial Characterization of a Cytotoxic Factor from Cobra Venom for Rat Lymphocytes¹

From the Department of Pathology, University of Minnesota Hospitals, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

Abstract

A cytotoxic factor for rat lymphocytes present in cobra venom is described and partially characterized. This cytotoxic factor (CF) was isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 from anticomplementary cobra venom factor (CVF) that had been previously partly purified by DEAE chromatography. The CF elutes from G-100 later than does the anticomplementary CVF. Estimates indicate a molecular weight of about 13,000. While rat lymphocytes are very sensitive to this factor as indicated by a decrease in capacity to exclude trypan blue, erythrocytes and peritoneal leukocytes are more resistant. The activity of CF is temperature dependent.

Studies of the local graft-vs-host reaction revealed an inhibitory influence of the partially purified DEAE-CVF that was attributable to the new CF of cobra venom. The role of the two CVF in GVH disease and other cellular immune functions is discussed.

Footnotes

¹ This work was aided by grants from The National Foundation—March of Dimes, the American Heart Association and the United States Public Health Service (AI-10704, AI-00798).

² Pediatric Research Fellow.

³ Established Investigator of the American Heart Association.

⁴ American Legion Memorial Research Professor, Regents' Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Professor and Head, Department of Pathology.