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Antiantibody Enhancement of Hemagglutination Inhibition by Influenza Anti-Neuraminidase

From the World Health Organization International Influenza Center for the Americas, the Respiratory Virology Unit, and the Biophysical Separations Unit, Center for Disease Control, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333

Abstract

Hemagglutination by influenza viruses can be inhibited by antibody to hemagglutinin or, under certain conditions, by antibody to neuraminidase. In the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test with antibody to hemagglutinin the HI titer is approximately proportional to the reciprocal of the virus concentration. In contrast, in the neuraminidase-hemagglutination inhibition (N-HI) test a 2-fold increase in virus dosage produced a nearly 7-fold decrease in antibody titer. The addition of antihuman IgG in most instances vastly increased the N-HI titers. The magnitude of enhancement was strongly dependent upon the combination of human sera, the virus dose and the particular lot of antihuman IgG. Fifteen of 21 commercial lots of antihuman IgG produced an enhancing effect. Greatest enhancement (up to a 1000-fold) was more often produced by antisera with the highest precipitating antibody potency (E-value) to human IgG. The enhancement of N-HI titers by antiantibody constitutes a highly sensitive test system. Each reactant is a potentially major variable which may appreciably alter the test results.

Footnotes

¹ Send reprint requests to: Dr. Walter R. Dowdle, W. H. O. International Influenza Center for the Americas, Center for Disease Control, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

² Visiting W. H. O. Fellow from the St. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Sos. Mihai Bravu nr. 285, Bucaresti 29, Romania.