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Ontogeny of Bursal Function in Chicken

I. Embryonic Stem Cell for Humoral Immunity¹

From the Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and the Departments of Medical Microbiology and Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide-treated 4-day-old chicks were injected with cells from yolk sac, liver, bursa of Fabricius, bone marrow, spleen and thymus by using embryonic and 4-day-old donors. Recipients and donors were isogeneic at the major histocompatibility locus. Survival pattern, gain of body weight, production of natural and immune antibodies, and microscopic morphology of bursa and spleen were studied to assess the reconstitution achieved. Of all the cell types used, only bursa cells were capable of a functional and morphologic reconstitution of the bursa-dependent lymphoid system. These findings are interpreted to indicate that in embryonic life and immediately after hatching the bursa alone possesses cells that can home to the bursa of 4-day-old chicks and re-establish its functions. These cells derived from embryonic liver and yolk sac are considered stem cells for humoral immunity. The findings illustrate the significance of the critical developmental relationship between the stem cell and its environment.

Footnotes

¹ This work was aided by grants from the National Foundation of the March of Dimes, United States Public Health Service Grants AI-08677, AI-00798 and NS-02042, the American Heart Association and the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation. Requests for reprints should be sent to Paavo Toivanen, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.

² Supported by United States Public Health Service International Research Fellowship 5-F05-TW-1550.

³ Supported by American Association of University Women International Ida H. Hyde Fellowship and the Emil Aaltonen Foundation.

⁴ American Legion Memorial Research Professor, Regent's Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Pathology, University of Minnesota.

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