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The Alternate Complement Pathway in Cell Damage: Antibody-Mediated Cytolysis of Erythrocytes and Nucleated Cells

From the Laboratory of Clinical Investigation and Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014

Abstract

Components of the alternate complement pathway present in C4 deficient guinea pig serum have been studied for their ability to lyse cells sensitized with cytotoxic antibody. Five different cell types, including erythrocytes, nucleated cells and tumor cells, were examined. Cytotoxic antibodies utilized were obtained from guinea pig, mouse, burro and rabbit sources. The specific assay systems included sheep erythrocytes-rabbit anti-Forssman antibody; TNP-coated sheep erythrocytes-rabbit anti-DNP antibody; guinea pig thymocytes-burro anti-thymus cell antibody; mouse thymocytes-mouse anti- antibody; guinea pig leukemia cells (L₂C)-guinea pig anti-histocompatibility antibody. In all cases the alternate complement pathway mediated lysis inefficiently or not at all. The data indicate that in most situations the sequential participation of C1, C4 and C2 is requisite for the efficient lysis of cells sensitized with anti-membrane antibodies.