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Identification of Basophil Granulocytes as a Site of Allergic Histamine Release¹

From the Departments of Medicine and Microbiology of the Johns Hopkins University, and the O'Neill Memorial Laboratories of The Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland

Abstract

Human blood was fractionated by differential centrifugation on a Hypaque-Ficoll layer, followed by chromatography on a glass-bead column. Analysis of subfractions of leukocytes thus obtained indicated that essentially all histamine in human leukocytes was associated with basophil granulocytes. Histamine release experiments from the subfractions by anti-IgE and by allergen showed that histamine release was induced by IgE-anti-IgE or allergen-IgE antibody reaction on basophil granulocytes. None of the neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes is involved in the mechanisms of histamine release. It was confirmed that anti-IgG-released histamine from leukocytes of some atopic patients. In spite of the presence of IgG on neutrophils, none of the neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes is essential for anti-IgG-induced histamine release. A minute amount of IgG was demonstrated on basophil granulocytes from both atopic and normal individuals by autoradiography, and evidence was obtained that the reaction of the basophil-bound IgG with anti-IgG is accompanied by histamine release from the cells.

Footnotes

¹ This work was supported by Research Grants AI-10060, AI-7290 and AI-8290 from the U. S. Public Health Service. This paper is publication No. 18 from the O'Neill Laboratories at The Good Samaritan Hospital.

² Supported by a Research Career Development Award from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

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