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Immune Hemolysis

I. Differing Susceptibility of Three Genetic Types of Sheep Red Cells^1,2,

Department of Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York and Department of Physiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina

Abstract

Erythrocytes of 19 sheep comprising 3 genetic types were studied for susceptibility to lysis by constant amounts of rabbit hemolysin and human complement. The sheep were classified as low K⁺ (LK) or high K⁺ (HK) by red cell K⁺ concentrations and then as antigenic types LL, LM or MM by detection of L and M erythrocyte antigens with specific antisera. The three genetic types of red cells consistently yielded differing levels of hemolysis in the following order of sensitivity: LK (LL) ; LK (LM) ; HK (MM). These differences could not be overcome by higher doses of antibody, were observed with both IgM and IgG hemolysin, and were not attributable to differing rates of hemolysis. A high K⁺ medium enhanced immune lysis of HK (MM) and LK (LM) cells but not LK (LL) cells. When the relationship of immune lytic potential of red cells to their sphericity and rigidity was examined by microscopic morphology, osmotic fragility and cellular deformability, heterogeneity was encountered within genetic types. The practical importance of these genetic differences in sheep erythrocytes for laboratories performing complement assays as a clinical service is demonstrated by comparative CH₅₀ titers on representative human sera.

Footnotes

¹ Address reprint requests to: Dr. J. P. Leddy, Department of Medicine (Immunology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642.

² This research was supported by United States Public Health Service Grants AM-09810, T-01-AI-00028, HE-06241 and AM-15148.

³ Canadian Medical Research Council Fellow, Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Rochester. Present address: Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California.

⁴ Canadian Medical Research Council Fellow, Hematology Unit, University of Rochester. Present address: Institut Pathologie de Cellulaire, Hôpital Bicetre, Kremlin-Bicetre, France.

⁵ Work initiated during tenure of a Senior Investigator Award of The Arthritis Foundation.

⁶ Recipient, Research Career Development Award, United States Public Health Service 1-K4-GM-50, 194-01.