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Immune Lysis of Rabies Virus-Infected Cells¹

Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the WHO International Reference Centre for Rabies at The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Abstract

Cells of tissue cultures infected with rabies virus are lysed after exposure to antirabies antibody and complement, as shown either by counting of cells stained with trypan blue or by release of chromium 51 from labeled cells. Neither antirabies serum nor fresh guinea pig serum is active alone. The reaction is abolished by treatment of serum-complement mixture with EDTA, or treatment of complement by heat or hydrazine. Fluorescein-conjugated antibody without complement stained the surface of infected cells; with complement, intracytoplasmic staining was seen, indicating penetration of the cell membrane by antibody. Both lytic antibody and neutralizing antibody were found in the 7 S IgG immunoglobulin fraction of human and mouse antisera. Study of the sera of animals either immunized against rabies or in the incubation stage of the disease showed, however, that lytic and neutralizing antibody titers could vary independently. Lytic antibody was produced in man and animals infected with street virus, injected with inactivated vaccine, or infected with crude or purified live virus vaccine.

Footnotes

A major part of this paper was written by one of us (HK) while enjoying the hospitality of Wetterkulla Medical Center at Eröjärui, Finland. This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants AI 02954-08 and AI 07988-01 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and by funds from The World Health Organization.